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. 2016 Jun;13(2):248–259. doi: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2016.0023

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Copyright 2016 Cancer Biology & Medicine

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-Share Alike 4.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

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Therapeutic targets in BM niche. Cytokines, chemokines, and the extracellular matrix activate the pro-survival signaling pathways, such as PI3K/Akt, MAPK, STAT3, and NF-кB, which regulate downstream components likely promoting survival and proliferation of LSCs. The therapeutic strategies designed to overcome stroma-mediated chemoresistance and target the LSC include adhesion molecule and cytokine antagonists as well as inhibitors of intracellular pro-survival and self-renewal pathways.