Table 2.
Micronutrient concentrations and prevalence of (marginal) micronutrient deficiencies among uninfected children and children with single and multiple STH infections, respectively
| STH uninfected | Ascaris single infection | Trichuris single infection | Hookworm single infection | Multiple STH infections | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |
| N | 101 | 118 | 67 | 9 | 215 |
| Retinol, μmol/L† | 1.13 ± 0.21 | 1.03 ± 0.30* | 1.13 ± 0.2 | 1.08 ± 0.13 | 0.98 ± 0.26* |
| Marginal vitamin A status (< 1.05 μmol/L) | 28 (34.1) | 60 (56.6)* | 21 (33.3) | 1 (11.1) | 128 (61.5)* |
| Vitamin A deficiency (< 0.70 μmol/L) | 1 (1.2) | 17 (16.0)* | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 34 (16.3)* |
| Zinc, μmol/L† | 8.30 ± 1.93 | 8.53 ± 2.14 | 8.71 ± 2.36 | 8.45 ± 2.60 | 8.67 ± 2.19 |
| Zinc deficiency (< 9.9 μmol/L) | 70 (86.4) | 79 (75.2) | 46 (73.0)* | 6 (66.7) | 159 (76.8) |
| Hemoglobin, g/L† | 122.00 ± 5.87 | 121.08 ± 7.32 | 116.88 ± 7.51* | 117.44 ± 8.41* | 118.13 ± 7.67* |
| Anemia (Hb < 115 g/L) | 12 (11.9) | 14 (11.9) | 30 (44.8)* | 3 (33.3) | 68 (31.6)* |
| Ferritin, μg/L‡ | 61.68 (43.09–82.73) | 63.99 (41.37–88.09) | 59.89 (47.00–75.48) | 69.21 (48.00–86.55) | 65.11 (42.53–84.38) |
| Iron deficiency (ferritin < 15 μg/L) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.5) |
| Urinary iodine, μg/L‡ | 108 (77.00–167.00) | 112.50 (79–149) | 106 (83.00–174.00) | 96.00 (77.00–255.00) | 115.00 (77.00–167.00) |
| Low urinary iodine excretion (< 100 μg/L) | 46 (45.5) | 50 (42.4) | 27 (40.3) | 5 (55.6) | 91 (42.3) |
Hb = hemoglobin; STH = soil-transmitted helminth.
*
Significantly different from uninfected (P < 0.05).
†
Mean ± standard deviation.
‡
Median (interquartile range).