Table 3. Mean change in cephalometric variables between treatment and control group (T₂-T₁).

Variables	Treatment group (n = 53)	Control group (n = 60)	Treatment effect	p value
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	(Treatment - Control group)
SNA	-0.19 ± 1.10	0.04 ± 1.01	-0.23	0.168
SNB	1.73 ± 1.22	0.17 ± 1.03	1.56	< 0.001**
ANB	-1.96 ± 1.16	-0.14 ± 1.21	-1.82	< 0.001**
GoGn-SN	0.60 ± 2.45	-0.19 ± 1.09	0.79	0.029*
Co-A	1.13 ± 2.06	0.52 ± 2.08	0.61	0.068
Co-Gn	4.58 ± 2.97	1.31 ± 2.28	3.27	< 0.001**
Go-Gn	3.45 ± 2.24	0.52 ± 2.06	2.93	< 0.001**
UI-SN	-4.66 ± 5.44	1.12 ± 4.19	-5.78	< 0.001**
IMPA	4.30 ± 3.91	1.05 ± 3.45	3.25	< 0.001**
OJ (overjet)	-6.50 ± 2.46	-0.30 ± 1.25	-6.20	< 0.001**
UL-E-line	-0.81 ± 2.41	-0.62 ± 3.47	-0.19	0.015*
LL-E-line	0.37 ± 1.57	-0.55 ± 4.24	0.92	0.082
N-L angle	3.64 ± 9.83	-3.72 ± 14.17	7.36	0.001*
Z-angle	2.30 ± 3.89	-1.07 ± 8.12	3.37	0.021*
H-angle	-3.56 ± 4.86	-0.20 ± 2.72	-3.36	< 0.001**

Mann-Whitney U-test.

^* p < 0.05; **p < 0.001.