Table 1.
Baseline Demographic/Sleep Characteristics and Comorbidities for HCHS/SOL Participants With SA, Grouped According to Sex
| Variable | Male Subjects (n = 4,795) |
Female Subjects (n = 7,363) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SA-Positive (n = 807) | SA-Negative (n = 3,988) | P Value | SA-Positive (n = 561) | SA-Negative (n = 6,802) | P Value | |
| Age, y | 53 (46-61) | 46 (33-55) | < .001 | 57 (52-64) | 48 (37-56) | < .001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 32 (29-35) | 28 (25-31) | < .001 | 34 (30-39) | 29 (26-33) | < .001 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 106 (99-115) | 96 (89-104) | < .001 | 107 (99-116) | 96 (88-104) | < .001 |
| ESS (range, 0-24) | 6 (3-9) | 5 (2-9) | < .001 | 6 (3-9) | 5 (2-8) | < .001 |
| ESS score ≥ 10 | ||||||
| Yes | 190 (24) | 728 (18) | < .001 | 137 (24) | 1,269 (19) | < .001 |
| No | 617 (77) | 3,260 (82) | 424 (76) | 5,533 (81) | ||
| CESD-10 score ≥ 10 | ||||||
| Yes | 166 (21) | 840 (21) | .75 | 206 (37) | 2,278 (34) | .12 |
| No | 641 (79) | 3,148 (79) | 355 (63) | 4,524 (67) | ||
| Hypertensiona | ||||||
| Yes | 378 (47) | 949 (24) | < .001 | 311 (55) | 1,846 (27) | < .001 |
| No | 429 (53) | 3,039 (76) | 250 (45) | 4,956 (73) | ||
| Diabetesa | ||||||
| Yes | 181 (22) | 440 (11) | < .001 | 171 (31) | 1,047 (15) | < .001 |
| No | 626 (78) | 3,548 (89) | 390 (70) | 5,755 (85) | ||
| History of heart disease (excludes angina)a | ||||||
| Yes | 64 (8) | 139 (4) | < .001 | 42 (8) | 136 (2) | < .001 |
| No | 743 (92) | 3,849 (97) | 519 (93) | 6,666 (98) | ||
| Snoringa | ||||||
| ≥ 3 times a week | 551 (68) | 1,555 (39) | < .001 | 374 (67) | 2,386 (35) | < .001 |
| < 3 times a week | 125 (16) | 1,333 (33) | 72 (13) | 2,307 (34) | ||
| Do not know | 131 (16) | 1,100 (28) | 115 (21) | 2,109 (31) | ||
| Witnessed apneasa | ||||||
| ≥ 3 times a week | 163 (20) | 282 (7) | < .001 | 82 (15) | 411 (6) | < .001 |
| < 3 times a week | 290 (36) | 2,082 (52) | 179 (32) | 3,243 (48) | ||
| Do not know | 354 (44) | 1,624 (41) | 300 (54) | 3,148 (46) | ||
| Naps (≥ 5 min) per weeka | ||||||
| ≥ 3 times a week | 257 (32) | 1,068 (27) | .003 | 153 (27) | 1,365 (20) | < .001 |
| < 3 times a week | 550 (68) | 2,920 (73) | 408 (73) | 5,437 (80) | ||
| Wake up several times at nighta | ||||||
| ≥ 3 times a week | 280 (35) | 1,132 (28) | < .001 | 284 (51) | 2,487 (37) | < .001 |
| < 3 times a week | 527 (65) | 2,856 (72) | 277 (49) | 4,315 (63) | ||
| Restless sleep in past 4 weeksa | ||||||
| Restless or very restless | 116 (14) | 591 (15) | .74 | 140 (25) | 1,404 (21) | .02 |
| Very sound, sound, or average | 691 (86) | 3,397 (85) | 421 (75) | 5,398 (79) | ||
| Did you have a lot of energy?a | ||||||
| Some, a little, or none of the time | 252 (31) | 1,008 (25) | < .001 | 298 (53) | 3,033 (45) | < .001 |
| All or most of the time | 555 (69) | 2,980 (75) | 263 (47) | 3,769 (55) | ||
| Have you felt downhearted and depressed?a | ||||||
| All or most of the time | 61 (8) | 302 (8) | .99 | 103 (18) | 881 (13) | < .001 |
| Some, a little, or none of the time | 746 (92) | 3,686 (92) | 458 (82) | 5,921 (87) | ||
| Trouble falling asleepa | ||||||
| ≥ 3 times a week | 106 (13) | 703 (18) | .002 | 186 (33) | 1,811 (27) | < .001 |
| < 3 times a week | 701 (87) | 3,285 (82) | 375 (67) | 4,991 (73) | ||
Data are presented as median (interquartile range) or no. (%). CESD = Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; ESS = Epworth Sleepiness Scale; SA = with sleep apnea.
a
Self-reported variables.