Table 4.
Multivariable, Multilevel Analysis of Patient’s Index Hospitalization Characteristics on Odds of Readmission Within 30 Days of Discharge
| Variable | Odds of Readmission (95% CI) |
|
|---|---|---|
| Model 1 (R2 = 0.0185) | Model 2 (R2 = 0.0254) | |
| Age for every 5 y | 0.97 (0.96-0.98)a | 0.99 (0.98-1.00)b |
| DRG | 0.99 (0.97-1.02)b | 1.00 (0.98-1.03)b |
| Sex | ||
| Female | 1 | 1 |
| Male | 1.08 (1.05-1.11)a | 1.15 (1.12-1.19)a |
| Race | ||
| White | … | 1 |
| Black | … | 1.04 (0.99-1.10)b |
| Other | … | 0.91 (0.84-0.98)a |
| Low socioeconomic status | ||
| No | … | 1 |
| Yes | … | 1.22 (1.18-1.26)a |
| Year of discharge | ||
| 2001 | 1 | 1 |
| 2002 | 0.96 (0.89-1.03)b | 0.96 (0.89-1.03)b |
| 2003 | 0.98 (0.91-1.05)b | 0.97 (0.91-1.04)b |
| 2004 | 1.00 (0.93-1.07)b | 0.99 (0.92-1.06)b |
| 2005 | 0.95 (0.89-1.02)b | 0.94 (0.88-1.01)b |
| 2006 | 1.02 (0.95-1.09)b | 1.00 (0.93-1.07)b |
| 2007 | 1.01 (0.94-1.08)b | 0.99 (0.92-1.06)b |
| 2008 | 1.07 (1.00-1.15)b | 1.06 (0.99-1.13)b |
| 2009 | 1.05 (0.98-1.12)b | 1.02 (0.96-1.10)b |
| 2010 | 1.03 (0.96-1.10)b | 0.98 (0.92-1.05)b |
| 2011 | 1.30 (1.21-1.39)a | 1.24 (1.16-1.33)a |
| Region | ||
| New England | 1 | 1 |
| East North Central | 0.97 (0.91-1.04)b | 1.00 (0.93-1.07)b |
| East South Central | 0.98 (0.91-1.06)b | 0.98 (0.91-1.06)b |
| Middle Atlantic | 1.00 (0.93-1.07)b | 1.04 (0.96-1.11)b |
| Mountain | 0.80 (0.73-0.89)a | 0.84 (0.76-0.93)a |
| Pacific | 0.89 (0.82-0.96)a | 0.90 (0.83-0.97)a |
| South Atlantic | 0.92 (0.86-0.99)a | 0.94 (0.88-1.00)b |
| West North Central | 0.96 (0.88-1.04)b | 1.00 (0.92-1.09)b |
| West South Central | 0.89 (0.82-0.96)a | 0.91 (0.84-0.98)a |
| Length of stay, d | ||
| 1-2 | 1 | 1 |
| 3-5 | 1.07 (1.03-1.11)a | 1.07 (1.03-1.11)a |
| 5-7 | 1.23 (1.18-1.28)a | 1.23 (1.18-1.28)a |
| > 7 | 1.46 (1.39-1.54)a | 1.47 (1.40-1.55)a |
| ICU stay | ||
| No | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 1.11 (1.07-1.14)a | 1.12 (1.08-1.15)a |
| Mechanical ventilation | ||
| No | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 1.00 (0.90-1.10)b | 1.00 (0.90-1.10)b |
| Discharge destination | ||
| Home | 1 | 1 |
| SNF | 0.93 (0.89-0.97)a | 0.84 (0.81-0.88)a |
| Hospice | 0.21 (0.16-0.28)a | 0.20 (0.16-0.27)a |
| Others | 0.75 (0.69-0.81)a | 0.70 (0.65-0.76)a |
| Outpatient visit | ||
| No | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 0.54 (0.52-0.56)a | 0.56 (0.55-0.58)a |
| Depression | ||
| No | … | 1 |
| Yes | … | 1.34 (1.29-1.39)a |
| Anxiety | ||
| No | … | 1 |
| Yes | … | 1.43 (1.37-1.50)a |
| Psychosis | ||
| No | … | 1 |
| Yes | … | 1.18 (1.10-1.27)a |
| Alcohol abuse | ||
| No | … | 1 |
| Yes | … | 1.30 (1.15-1.47)a |
| Drug abuse | ||
| No | … | 1 |
| Yes | … | 1.29 (1.11-1.50)a |
Data represent odds of readmission (95% CI). Model 1: adjusted by age, sex, region, and year of discharge, length of stay, mechanical ventilator, ICU, discharge destination, and 30-d outpatient follow-up. Model 2: adjusted by Model 1 + race, low socioeconomic status, and coexisting psychological disorders. See Table 1 legend for expansion of abbreviations.
a
Indicates results are statistically significant.
b
Indicates results are not statistically significant.