Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of 114 patients presenting with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy.
| VARIABLES | ALL PATIENTS (n = 114) | TTC WITHOUT TE EVENTS (n = 100) | TTC WITH TE EVENTS (n = 14) | P VALUE* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, mean ± SD | 67 ± 11 | 67.1 ± 11 | 67 ± 13.1 | 0.956 |
| Female, n (%) | 95 (83) | 82 (82) | 13 (92.8) | 0.313 |
| Symptoms, n (%) | ||||
| Chest pain | 58 (50.8) | 54 (54) | 4 (28.5) | 0.077 |
| Dyspnea | 43 (37) | 37 (37) | 6 (42.8) | 0.677 |
| ECG Data, n (%) | ||||
| ST-segment elevation | 34 (30) | 26 (26) | 8 (57.1) | 0.018 |
| Inverted T-waves | 102 (89.4) | 89 (89) | 13 (92.8) | 0.459 |
| QTc (ms), mean ± SD | 474 ± 69 | 478.5 ± 55 | 483 ± 24 | 0.634 |
| Stress factor, n (%) | ||||
| Emotional sress | 30 (29) | 28 (28) | 2 (14.2) | 0.280 |
| Physical stress | 64 (56) | 53 (53) | 11 (78.5) | 0.073 |
| None | 25 (22) | 23 (23) | 2 (14.2) | 0.466 |
| Laboratory values, mean ± SD | ||||
| Troponin I (µg/L) | 3.3 ± 5 | 3.3 ± 5 | 4.6 ± 6.6 | 0.558 |
| Creatine phosphatkinase (U/L) | 674 ± 2773 | 680 ± 2786 | 330 ± 307 | 0.521 |
| C-Reactive protein (mg/l) | 38.5 ± 57.9 | 40 ± 58 | 118 ± 145 | 0.021 |
| Echocardiography data | ||||
| LV EF% ± SD | 38.3 ± 9.4 | 38 ± 9 | 38.6 ± 11.8 | 0.918 |
| Right ventricular involvement, n (%) | 26 (22.8) | 20 (20) | 6 (42.8) | 0.056 |
| Apical type | 82 (71.9) | 71 (71) | 11 (78.5) | 0.677 |
| Midventricular type | 30 (26.3) | 27 (27) | 3 (21.4) | 0.677 |
| Reversed type | 2 (1.7) | 2 (2) | 0 (0) | 1 |
| Medical history and risk factors, n (%) | ||||
| Smoking | 36 (31) | 33 (33) | 3 (21) | 0.388 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 21 (18.4) | 17 (17) | 4 (28.5) | 0.301 |
| Obesity (BMI >25 kg/m2) | 31 (27.2) | 27 (27) | 4 (28.5) | 1 |
| Arterial hypertension | 66 (58) | 58 (58) | 8 (57) | 0.956 |
| COPD | 22 (19.2) | 20 (20) | 2 (14.2) | 0.618 |
| Complications, n (%) | ||||
| Life-threatening arrhythmias | 13 (11.4) | 10 (10) | 3 (21) | 0.199 |
| Invasive respiratory support | 23 (20) | 20 (20) | 3 (21) | 0.794 |
| Recurrence | 6 (5) | 5 (5) | 1 (7) | 0.746 |
| Cardiogenic shock | 22 (19.2) | 18 (18) | 4(11) | 0.466 |
| In-hospital death | 9 (7.8) | 7 (7) | 2 (14) | 0.304 |
Note:
*
P values for the comparison between TE group and non-TE group.
Abbreviations: TE, Thromboembolic; LV, Left ventricular; EF, Ejection fraction.