Table 4.

Hazard ratios for cause-specific mortality for women with incident RA by serologic phenotype compared to women without RA in the Nurses’ Health Study (1976–2012)^*

	Cancer mortality		Cardiovascular mortality		Respiratory mortality
	Age-adjusted HR (95% CI)	Multivariable HR (95% CI)†	Age-adjusted HR (95% CI)	Multivariable HR (95% CI)†	Age-adjusted HR (95% CI)	Multivariable HR (95% CI)†
All RA
No RA	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
RA	1.00 (0.80–1.25)	0.93 (0.74–1.15)	1.49 (1.18–1.89)	1.45 (1.14–1.83)	2.57 (1.91–3.48)	2.06 (1.51–2.80)
Seropositive RA
No RA	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
RA	0.95 (0.71–1.26)	0.86 (0.65–1.15)	1.39 (1.02–1.90)	1.41 (1.03–1.93)	3.55 (2.55–4.95)	2.67 (1.89–3.77)
Seronegative RA
No RA	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
RA	1.01 (0.72–1.42)	0.96 (0.68–1.35)	1.55 (1.08–2.21)	1.41 (0.98–2.02)	1.09 (0.54–2.19)	0.98 (0.49–1.99)

^*RA = rheumatoid arthritis; HR = hazard ratio; 95% CI = 95% confidence interval.

^†Model adjusted for age, questionnaire cycle, census-tract family income (<$40,000 or ≥$40,000 per year), body mass index (<18.5, 18.5–24.9, 25–29.9, or ≥30 kg/m²), cigarette smoking (never–10, 10.1–20, or >20 pack-years), postmenopausal hormone use (premenopausal, postmenopausal: never postmenopausal hormone use, postmenopausal: past postmenopausal hormone use, or postmenopausal: current postmenopausal hormone use), moderate to vigorous physical activity (0, 0.01–0.99, 1.00–3.49, 3.50–5.99, or ≥6 hours per week), cumulative average of Alternate Healthy Eating Index excluding alcohol component (quintiles), alcohol consumption (0, 0.1–4.9, 5.0–14.9, or ≥15.0 gm/day), cardiovascular disease (yes/ no), and aspirin use (yes/no). Covariates were updated up to death, end of study period, censor, or loss to follow-up, whichever came first.