Table 4. Descriptive statistics for independent variables included in the multi-variable modeling process.
The sample size and mean age of elephants used in the correlation is provided.
| Variable | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Mgmt. | Reference | n | Mean Age | Mean | SD | Min | Max | Median |
| Age | 56 | - | 36.1 | 10.4 | 16 | 61 | 34.5 | ||
| Origin | ref = Wild | 50 | 37.4 | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Captive | 6 | 25.3 | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| Space Experience Total (500 ft2) | Overall | 54 | 36.1 | 54.5 | 46.5 | 12 | 228.2 | 33.6 | |
| Space Experience Total (500 ft2) | Night | 54 | 36.1 | 46.5 | 48 | 2 | 227.4 | 29.2 | |
| Space Experience Indoor (500 ft2) | Overall | 54 | 36.1 | 1.9 | 1.5 | 0 | 4.7 | 1.8 | |
| Space Experience Indoor (500 ft2) | Day | 54 | 36.1 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 0 | 7.4 | 1.5 | |
| Space Experience Indoor (500 ft2) | Night | 54 | 36.1 | 2 | 1.6 | 0 | 5.2 | 1.6 | |
| Space Experience Outdoor (500 ft2) | Overall | 54 | 36.1 | 71.5 | 57.8 | 13 | 245.3 | 44.1 | |
| Space Experience Outdoor (500 ft2) | Day | 56 | 36.1 | 84 | 75.9 | 13 | 296.9 | 52.3 | |
| Space Experience Outdoor (500 ft2) | Night | 54 | 36.1 | 52.7 | 59 | 0 | 244 | 36.4 | |
| Space Experience In/Out Choice (500 ft2) | Day | ref = 0% | 29 | 37.1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| >0% | 27 | 35.1 | 44 | 35.9 | 6 | 113 | 32 | ||
| Percent Time Hard Substrate | Overall | ref = 0% | 24 | 31.3 | - | - | - | - | - |
| >0% | 32 | 39.8 | 12.2 | 9 | 1 | 32 | 7 | ||
| Percent Time Soft Substrate | Overall | ref = 0% | 33 | 36.4 | - | - | - | - | - |
| >0% | 23 | 35.8 | 19.9 | 16.4 | 0 | 50 | 18 | ||
| Percent Time Soft Substrate | Night | ref = 0% | 39 | 36.7 | - | - | - | - | - |
| >0% | 17 | 34.9 | 33.6 | 17.4 | 15 | 67 | 29 | ||
| Herd Size | 54 | 36.7 | 3.4 | 1.7 | 2 | 8 | 3 | ||
| Animal Contact | Overall, Day | 54 | 36.7 | 2 | 1.4 | 0 | 6 | 1 | |
| Animal Contact | Night | 54 | 36.7 | 1.7 | 1.2 | 0 | 5 | 1 | |
| Social Group Contact | Overall | 54 | 36.7 | 2.8 | 2.2 | 1 | 10 | 2 | |
| Percent Time Juveniles | Overall, Day, Night | ref = 0% | 47 | 37.8 | - | - | - | - | - |
| >0% | 9 | 27.4 | 13.2 | 31 | 0 | 100 | 0 | ||
| Enrichment Diversity | 50 | 35.4 | 2.9 | 0.2 | 3 | 3.3 | 2.9 | ||
| Enrichment Program | 50 | 35.4 | 0.3 | 0.9 | -2 | 2 | 0.1 | ||
| Feeding Diversity | 50 | 35.4 | 1.4 | 0.3 | 1 | 1.8 | 1.4 | ||
| Feeding Predictability | ref = 1 | 13 | 32.8 | - | - | - | - | - | |
| 2 | 24 | 39.2 | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| 3 | 13 | 31 | - | - | - | - | - | ||