Table 2. Overview of experimental and analytical procedure across studies.
| Author | Year | Participants | Outcome | Mechanism | Data Collection | Analysis | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coaches | Coachees | Control Group | Other-raters | Ind | Org | Coachee | Coach | C-C Relationship | Pre | Post | During | Longitudinal | |||
| Gan & Chong [79] | 2015 | 172 | Y | Y | multiple regression | ||||||||||
| Sonesh, Coultas, Marlow, Lacerenza, Reyes & Salas [55] | 2015 | 17 | 90 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | correlation & multiple regression | |||||
| Biggs, Brough & Barbour [68] | 2014 | Y | Y* | Y | Y | Y | multiple regression | ||||||||
| Hoven, Ford, Willmot, Hagan & Siegrist [44] | 2014 | 638 | Y | Y | Y | Y | multivariate regression | ||||||||
| Ladegard & Gjerde [49] | 2014 | 7 | 24 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | t-test, multiple regression | ||||
| Jones, Woods & Hutchinson [70] | 2014 | - | 30 | Y | Y | correlation | |||||||||
| Gatling & Harrah [77] | 2014 | 96 | - | Y | Y | CFA, ANOVA, multiple regression | |||||||||
| Grant [57] | 2014 | 49 | 49 | Y | Y | Y | Y | correlation, t-test | |||||||
| Mackie [46] | 2014 | 11 | 31 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | ANCOVA, mixed ANOVA | ||
| O’Connor & Cavanagh [54] | 2013 | 8 | 20 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | ANOVA, t-test, SNA | |||||
| Ianiro, Schermuly & Kauffeld [47] | 2013 | 32 | 32 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | simple & multiple regression | |||||
| Smith & Brummel [63] | 2013 | - | 30 | Y | Y | Y | Y | correlation, ANOVA | |||||||
| De Haan, Duckworth, Birch & Jones [29] | 2013 | 34 | 156 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | correlation, t-test, multiple regression | ||||||
| Grant [31] | 2013 | - | 31 | Y | Y | Y | t-test | ||||||||
| Nieminen, Smerek, Kotrba & Denison [66] | 2013 | - | 227 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | repeated measures ANOVA | |||||
| Bozer & Sarros [60] | 2012 | 68 | 72 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | two-way repeated measures ANOVA | |||||
| Bozer, Sarros & Santora [75] | 2013 | 68 | 72 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | hierarchical regression | ||||
| Bozer, Sarros & Santora [74] | 2014 | 68 | 72 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | two-way repeated measures ANOVA | ||||
| Bozer, Joo & Santora [80] | 2015 | 68 | 72 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | multiple regression | ||||
| Vidal-Salazar, Ferrón-Vilchez and Cordón-Pozo [69] | 2012 | - | 20 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test | |||||||
| Bright & Crockett [62] | 2012 | 1 | 73 | Y | Y | Y | Y | t-test | |||||||
| Blackman & Moscardo [42] | 2012 | - | 114 | Y | Y | Y | t-test, ANOVA, multiple regression | ||||||||
| Crompton [39] | 2012 | - | 100 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | structural equation modelling | ||||||
| Ladegård [45] | 2011 | 56 | Y | Y | Y | Y | t-test, multiple regression | ||||||||
| De Haan, Culpin & Curd [73] | 2011 | - | 30 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | t-test, multiple regression | ||||||
| Scriffignano [76] | 2011 | - | 110 | Y | Y | correlation | |||||||||
| Richardson [41] | 2010 | 5 | 6 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | t-test | ||||||
| Kochanowski, Seifert & Yukl [67] | 2010 | 1 | 12 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | two-way repeated measures ANOVA | ||||||
| Leonard-Cross [4] | 2010 | - | 61 | Y | Y | Y | t-test | ||||||||
| Cerni, Curtis & Colmar [65] | 2010 | 1 | 8 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | t-test | ||||||
| Grant, Green & Rynsaardt [53] | 2010 | - | 23 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | two-way repeated measures ANOVA | |||||
| Grant, Curtayne & Burton [52] | 2009 | - | 41 | Y | Y | Y | Y | two-way repeated measures ANOVA | |||||||
| Baron & Morin [27] | 2009 | 24 | 73 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | t-test, hierarchical regression | ||||
| Baron, Morin & Morin [78] | 2011 | 24 | 73 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | ANCOVA | ||||||
| Perkins [48] | 2009 | 1 | 21 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | correlation, multiple Wilcoxon sign rank test | ||||||
| Moen & Skaalvik [97]; Moen & Federici [98]; Moen & Federici [50] | 2009;2012;2012 | 3 | 11 | Y | Y | Y | Y | t-test, ANCOVA | |||||||
| Stewart, Palmer, Wilkin & Kerrin [72] | 2008 | - | 110 | Y | Y | correlation, multiple regression | |||||||||
| Yu, Collins, Cavanagh, White & Fairbrother [56] | 2008 | 1 | 10 | Y | Y | Y | Wilcoxon sign rank test | ||||||||
| Finn (Study 1) [40] | 2007 | 5 | 7 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | two-way mixed factorial ANOVA | |||||
| Finn (Study 2) [40] | 2007 | 9 | 11 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | two-way mixed factorial ANOVA | |||
| Bowles, Cunningham, De La Rosa & Picano [61] | 2007 | 2 | 30; 29 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | t-tests, chi-square non-parametric analyses, & multiple regression | |||||
| Orenstein [99] | 2006 | 1 | 1 | Y | Y | Y | t-test | ||||||||
| Evers, Brouwers & Tomic [51] | 2006 | - | 30 | Y | Y | Y | Y | ANOVA | |||||||
| Scoular & Linely [71] | 2006 | 14 | 120 | Y | Y | Y | n/a | ||||||||
| Jones, Rafferty & Griffin [64] | 2006 | 5 | 11 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Repeated measures ANOVA | ||||||
| Toegel & Nicholson [43] | 2005 | - | 89 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | t-test, hierarchical regression | |||||
| Gyllensten & Palmer [58] | 2005 | - | 16 | Y | Y | Y | Y | two-way mixed factorial ANOVA | |||||||
| Gyllensten & Palmer [59] | 2005 | - | 62 | Y | Y | Y | multiple regression | ||||||||
| Smither, London, Flautt, Vargas & Kucine [16] | 2003 | - | 400 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | MANCOVA, hierarchical regression | |||||
| Luthans & Peterson [15] | 2003 | 1 | 20 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | t-test, paired t-test | ||||||
Note. C-C = Coachee-coach.
*This study examined the effects of coaching on the subordinates of coachees (n = 146).