Table 1. Gills and epipods in Penaeoidea.

Among the shallow-water clades, Agripenaeina (and other members of Penaeini) have the highest number of gills and epipods. Deep-water clades have the highest numbers across all of Penaeoidea. Listed are the total numbers of gills and epipods per side, based on the ancestral states for each clade, using parsimony. App = associated appendix, Max = maxilliped, Per = pereiopod.

		Phorcysida (deep-water)		Penaeidae (shallow-water)
Segment	App	Podobranchida	Solenoceridae	Penaeini (inc. Agripenaeina)	Parapenaeini	Trachypenaeini
VII	Max 1	1	1	1	1	1
VIII	Max 2	3	3	3	3	3
IX	Max 3	4	3	3	3	3
X	Per 1	4	3	3	3	3
XI	Per 2	4	3	3	3	3
XII	Per 3	4	3	3	3	3
XIII	Per 4	3	3	2	2	1
XIV	Per 5	1	1	1	0	0
TOTAL GILLS		24	20	19	18	17
EPIPODS		7	7	6	5	5