Table III.
Odds of adherence (proportion of days covered ≥0.80) among Medicare beneficiaries with psoriasis
| Odds ratio | 95% CI | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age category, y | |||
| <65 | 0.74 | 0.57–0.95 | .019 |
| 65–69 | Ref | ||
| 70–74 | 0.80 | 0.62–1.05 | .110 |
| 75–79 | 0.66 | 0.47–0.94 | .020 |
| ≥80 | 0.67 | 0.47–0.97 | .032 |
| Sex, male | 1.28 | 1.08–1.51 | .004 |
| Race | |||
| White | Ref | ||
| Black | 0.88 | 0.62–1.24 | .456 |
| Hispanic | 1.21 | 0.78–1.88 | .395 |
| Other/unknown | 0.96 | 0.66–1.39 | .837 |
| Census region | |||
| Northeast | Ref | ||
| Midwest | 1.26 | 0.95–1.66 | .113 |
| South | 1.11 | 0.85–1.45 | .435 |
| West | 1.26 | 0.94–1.67 | .121 |
| County-level characteristics | |||
| Income, per capita, $10,000s | 1.05 | 0.94–1.17 | .393 |
| Dermatologists/10,000 residents | 0.88 | 0.62–1.26 | .490 |
| Low-income subsidy status | |||
| Full | Ref | ||
| Partial | 0.86 | 0.45–1.65 | .647 |
| None | 0.67 | 0.51–0.88 | .004 |
| Mixed (switched status) | 0.34 | 0.14–0.83 | .018 |
| Drug benefit type | |||
| Enhanced alternative | Ref | ||
| Basic alternative | 1.19 | 0.92–1.52 | .183 |
| Defined standard benefit | 1.34 | 0.93–1.92 | .118 |
| Actuarially equivalent standard | 0.94 | 0.71–1.25 | .669 |
| Unknown | 1.04 | 0.65–1.66 | .872 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Rheumatologic disease | 1.27 | 0.70–2.28 | .434 |
| Congestive heart failure | 1.06 | 0.77–1.45 | .738 |
| Diabetes | 0.88 | 0.73–1.07 | .215 |
| Dyslipidemia | 1.14 | 0.95–1.36 | .164 |
| Hypertension | 1.03 | 0.85–1.25 | .733 |
| Obesity | 1.03 | 0.80–1.33 | .829 |
| Atherosclerotic conditions | 0.71 | 0.56–0.90 | .005 |
| Liver disease | 0.95 | 0.69–1.30 | .737 |
| Dementia | 0.54 | 0.21–1.38 | .196 |
| Depression | 0.83 | 0.67–1.04 | .111 |
| Psoriatic arthritis | 1.16 | 0.95–1.42 | .148 |
| Renal disease | 0.83 | 0.60–1.13 | .231 |
| Immunosuppressive conditions | 1.05 | 0.74–1.51 | .774 |
| No. of 30-d supply equivalent prescriptions for nonpsoriasis medications | 1.03 | 1.00–1.05 | .074 |
| RxHCC score, mean | 0.94 | 0.78–1.13 | .496 |
| Index year | |||
| 2010 | Ref | ||
| 2011 | 0.95 | 0.81–1.11 | .515 |
| Index biologic | |||
| Etanercept | 0.51 | 0.39–0.68 | <.001 |
| Infliximab | 1.20 | 0.85–1.71 | .303 |
| Ustekinumab | Ref | ||
| Adalimumab | 0.85 | 0.65–1.12 | .260 |
Rheumatologic disease category excludes rheumatoid arthritis. Atherosclerotic conditions category includes cerebrovascular disease, myocardial infarction, and peripheral vascular disease. Immunosuppressive conditions include HIV/AIDS, cancer, and metastatic solid tumor.
CI, Confidence interval; Ref, reference group; RxHCC, prescription drug hierarchical condition category.