Table 1.
Descriptive Statistics for Mothers’ and Fathers’ Predictors Based on Child Gender.
| M | SD | M | SD | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mothers’ Year 1 Predictors | Fathers’ Year 1 Predictors | ||||
| Gender ideology (Full sample) | 5.30*** | .45 | Gender ideology (Full sample) | 4.88*** | .59 |
| Boys | 5.32 | .42 | Boys | 4.93 | .61 |
| Girls | 5.29 | .48 | Girls | 4.84 | .58 |
| Work preferences (Full sample) | 2.54** | .67 | Work preferences (Full sample) | 2.72** | .58 |
| Boys | 2.44 | .64 | Boys | 2.74 | .54 |
| Girls | 2.61 | .68 | Girls | 2.71 | .61 |
| Fem. HHT (Full sample) | 3.96*** | .49 | Fem. HHT (Full sample) | 2.45*** | .40 |
| Boys | 3.94 | .45 | Boys | 2.49 | .32 |
| Girls | 3.96 | .52 | Girls | 2.40 | .45 |
| CCT (Full sample) | 3.67*** | .37 | CCT (Full sample) | 2.56*** | .25 |
| Boys | 3.67 | .39 | Boys | 2.61a | .23 |
| Girls | 3.67 | .36 | Girls | 2.52a | .27 |
| Work hours (Full sample) | 35.61*** | 10.48 | Work hours (Full sample) | 45.67*** | 8.24 |
| Boys | 36.57 | 10.22 | Boys | 44.67 | 5.32 |
| Girls | 34.82 | 10.70 | Girls | 46.50 | 10.02 |
| Job traditionality (Full sample) | 65.87*** | 24.96 | Job traditionality (Full sample) | 24.88*** | 22.88 |
| Boys | 63.33 | 24.23 | Boys | 22.38 | 23.13 |
| Girls | 68.02 | 25.59 | Girls | 27.08 | 22.66 |
| Mothers’ Year 6 Predictors | Fathers’ Year 6 Predictors | ||||
| Gender ideology (Full sample) | 3.46*** | .34 | Gender ideology (Full sample) | 3.27*** | .44 |
| Boys | 3.47 | .32 | Boys | 3.25 | .55 |
| Girls | 3.44 | .36 | Girls | 3.28 | .33 |
| Work preferences (Full sample) | 2.61 | .95 | Work preferences (Full sample) | 2.55 | .80 |
| Boys | 2.60 | 1.01 | Boys | 2.72b | .72 |
| Girls | 2.61 | .91 | Girls | 2.42b | .85 |
| Fem. HHT (Full sample) | 4.10*** | .58 | Fem. HHT (Full sample) | 2.43*** | .64 |
| Boys | 3.99a | .55 | Boys | 2.49 | .59 |
| Girls | 4.20a | .59 | Girls | 2.36 | .68 |
| CCT (Full sample) | 5.29*** | .85 | CCT (Full sample) | 3.86*** | .88 |
| Boys | 5.06b | .78 | Boys | 4.09c | .79 |
| Girls | 5.48b | .86 | Girls | 3.65c | .91 |
| Work hours (Full sample) | 33.81*** | 13.24 | Work hours (Full sample) | 45.88*** | 11.91 |
| Boys | 36.70c | 11.33 | Boys | 44.99 | 11.22 |
| Girls | 31.67c | 14.22 | Girls | 46.57 | 12.47 |
| Job traditionality (Full sample) | 65.28*** | 25.16 | Job traditionality (Full sample) | 28.88*** | 27.29 |
| Boys | 60.05d | 22.42 | Boys | 29.90 | 28.77 |
| Girls | 69.23d | 26.57 | Girls | 28.10 | 26.38 |
Note.
p < .01;
p < .001 indicates that mothers’ scores differed significantly from their husbands’ at the same time point.
Different letter superscripts (a,b,c) indicate boys and girls differ on mean scores. High scores on global gender ideology (scale: 1–6 for Year 1; 1–4 for Year 6) indicate more egalitarian beliefs. High scores on work preferences (scale: 1–4) indicate stronger preferences for mothers to work outside the home. High scores on traditionally feminine household tasks (Fem. HHT; scale: 1–5) and childcare tasks (CCT; scale: 1–5 for Year 1; 1–7 for Year 6) indicate more frequent performance of tasks relative to one’s partner. Higher scores on job traditionality indicate that more women than men in the U.S. who hold the same job title.