Table 5.
Hypothesized correlates’ summary statistics and associations with subscale scores in the lesbian (n=1187), bisexual (n=641) and unsure (n=353) samples
| Self-stigma: Not normal/wholesome |
Self-stigma: Self-reproach and wishing away SSSa |
Sexual prejudice |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD)b | Spearman’s rank correlations with subscale scores | ||||||||
| Perceived stigma | |||||||||
| Perceived stigma among friends | |||||||||
| lesbian sample | 2.63 (2.61) | .17 | *** | .24 | *** | .11 | *** | # $ | |
| bisexual sample | 3.22 (2.69) | .20 | *** | .22 | *** | .19 | *** | ||
| unsure sample | 3.51 (2.66) | .21 | *** | .23 | *** | .13 | *** | $ | |
| Perceived stigma in local community | |||||||||
| lesbian sample | 5.97 (2.30) | .03 | .12 | *** | −.02 | # $ | |||
| bisexual sample | 6.57 (2.01) | .12 | ** | .22 | *** | .09 | * | $ | |
| unsure sample | 6.44 (1.97) | .14 | * | .22 | *** | .07 | $ | ||
| Outness | |||||||||
| Openness about sexuality in family | |||||||||
| lesbian sample | 2.51 (3.53) | −.14 | *** | −.23 | *** | −.02 | # $ | ||
| bisexual sample | 1.27 (2.52) | −.26 | *** | −.35 | *** | −.14 | *** | # $ | |
| unsure sample | 1.00 (2.36) | −.14 | * | −.15 | * | .03 | $ | ||
| Openness about sexuality with friends | |||||||||
| lesbian sample | 5.80 (3.63) | −.19 | *** | −.24 | *** | −.11 | *** | # $ | |
| bisexual sample | 4.16 (3.43) | −.36 | *** | −.34 | *** | −.21 | *** | # $ | |
| unsure sample | 3.53 (3.43) | −.27 | *** | −.22 | *** | −.18 | ** | # | |
| Social support | |||||||||
| Support from family | |||||||||
| lesbian sample | 3.70 (3.24) | −.02 | −.06 | .01 | |||||
| bisexual sample | 3.76 (3.31) | .01 | .01 | .02 | |||||
| unsure sample | 4.02 (3.44) | −.01 | .00 | .03 | |||||
| Support from friends | |||||||||
| lesbian sample | 4.31 (2.62) | −.13 | *** | −.11 | *** | −.11 | *** | ||
| bisexual sample | 4.07 (2.60) | −.12 | ** | −.12 | ** | −.09 | * | ||
| unsure sample | 3.88 (2.65) | −.04 | −.03 | −.08 | |||||
| Support from other sexual minority women | |||||||||
| lesbian sample | 4.44 (2.79) | −.12 | *** | −.16 | *** | −.13 | *** | ||
| bisexual sample | 3.65 (2.84) | −.14 | ** | −.14 | ** | −.11 | * | ||
| unsure sample | 2.93 (2.77) | .04 | −.04 | −.01 | |||||
| Support from female partner | |||||||||
| lesbian (n=798) | 6.07 (1.97) | −.16 | *** | −.20 | *** | −.07 | # $ | ||
| bisexual (n=319) | 5.72 (1.96) | −.12 | * | −.14 | * | −.05 | # $ | ||
| unsure (n=166) | 5.72 (2.16) | −.12 | −.20 | * | −.05 | $ | |||
| Availability of sexuality/stigma-related support | |||||||||
| lesbian sample | 3.89 (1.22) | −.16 | *** | −.20 | *** | −.14 | *** | $ | |
| bisexual sample | 3.64 (1.27) | −.18 | *** | −.15 | *** | −.06 | # $ | ||
| unsure sample | 3.34 (1.45) | −.05 | −.02 | −.01 | |||||
| Connection to other sexual minority women | |||||||||
| lesbian sample | 1.89 (.88) | −.15 | *** | −.18 | *** | −.13 | *** | $ | |
| bisexual sample | 1.46 (.82) | −.19 | *** | −.18 | *** | −.08 | # $ | ||
| unsure sample | 1.19 (.77) | −.13 | * | −.14 | * | −.13 | * | ||
| Psychological well-being | |||||||||
| Depressive symptoms | |||||||||
| lesbian sample | 8.71 (6.18) | .10 | *** | .16 | *** | .06 | $ | ||
| bisexual sample | 9.38 (6.07) | .12 | ** | .18 | *** | .08 | * | $ | |
| unsure sample | 9.73 (6.53) | .11 | * | .15 | ** | .03 | $ | ||
| Life satisfaction | |||||||||
| lesbian (n=151) | 3.19 (.96) | −.13 | −.28 | *** | −.14 | ||||
| Self-esteem | |||||||||
| lesbian (n=151) | 3.75 (.79) | −.21 | ** | −.29 | *** | −.21 | * | ||
| Relationship quality | |||||||||
| Relationship happiness/satisfaction | |||||||||
| lesbian (n=798) | 8.06 (2.14) | −.18 | *** | −.25 | *** | −.07 | # $ | ||
| bisexual (n=319) | 7.51 (2.25) | −.25 | *** | −.26 | *** | −.12 | * | # $ | |
| unsure (n=166) | 7.59 (2.34) | −.28 | *** | −.36 | *** | −.03 | # $ | ||
| Conflict in relationship | |||||||||
| lesbian (n=798) | 5.25 (2.63) | .10 | * | .16 | *** | .07 | $ | ||
| bisexual (n=319) | 5.55 (2.55) | .17 | ** | .18 | ** | .00 | # $ | ||
| unsure (n=166) | 5.78 (2.63) | .16 | .29 | *** | .01 | # $ | |||
| Anticipation of opposite-sex marriage | |||||||||
| lesbian sample | 22.5 (29.5) | .23 | *** | .34 | *** | .12 | *** | # $ | |
| bisexual sample | 57.6 (29.9) | .39 | *** | .35 | *** | .20 | *** | # $ | |
| unsure sample | 48.8 (31.9) | .35 | *** | .42 | *** | .25 | *** | # $ | |
| Percent | Odds ratio | ||||||||
| Legalize same-sex marriage | |||||||||
| lesbian sample | 94.6 | .61 | *** | .72 | ** | .46 | *** | ||
| bisexual sample | 89.0 | .64 | *** | .73 | ** | .55 | *** | ||
| unsure sample | 83.4 | .53 | *** | .74 | * | .51 | *** | ||
a
SSS = same-sex sexuality.
b
SD = standard deviation.
*, ** and *** denote p-values (< .05, < .01 and < .001) comparing the correlations to the null value of zero.
# and $ mean the variable’s correlation with Sexual Prejudice was statistically significantly different from its correlations with Self-stigma: Not normal/wholesome and with Self-stigma: Self-reproach and wishing away SSS, respectively; statistical significance was based on α=.05.