Table II. Top Gene Ontology or Function Pathways Enriched in Air Pollution Exposure Analysis.

Concepts significant at a 5% FDR level using LRpath gene set enrichment testing are displayed.

Concept Name	Concept Database	# Genes in Concept	FDR q-value	Direction†
Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism	KEGG	19	0.003	↑
oxygen transport	GOBP	11	0.005	↓
Pentose and glucuronate interconversions	KEGG	24	0.007	↓
Drug metabolism - cytochrome P450	KEGG	62	0.013	↓
Drug metabolism - other enzymes	KEGG	39	0.017	↓
oxygen binding	GOMF	32	0.019	↓
Retinol metabolism	KEGG	54	0.024	↓
Other types of O-glycan biosynthesis	KEGG	37	0.024	↓
gas transport	GOBP	15	0.025	↓
detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception	GOBP	357	0.025	↑
RNA splicing, via endonucleolytic cleavage and ligation	GOBP	10	0.029	↓
detection of chemical stimulus	GOBP	388	0.029	↑
cellular glucuronidation	GOBP	13	0.029	↓
uronic acid metabolic process	GOBP	14	0.029	↓
glucuronate metabolic process	GOBP	14	0.029	↓
Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450	KEGG	63	0.030	↓
sensory perception of chemical stimulus	GOBP	403	0.031	↑
glucuronosyltransferase activity	GOMF	22	0.031	↓
olfactory receptor activity	GOMF	320	0.031	↑
detection of stimulus involved in sensory perception	GOBP	396	0.032	↑
negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage	GOBP	23	0.033	↑
detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of smell	GOBP	320	0.047	↑

^†Up direction signifies that most genes in the concept were hypermethylated in the south Durban group compared with the north Durban group. Vice versa for the down direction.