Table 2. Results in the “contemporary” and “selective” treatment scenarios. The PSA screening strategy results are listed in descending order of quality-adjusted life years in the “contemporary treatment” scenario.
We do not report results for strategies with PSA threshold for biopsy 10.0 µg/L in the “selective” treatment scenario because cases detected by screening are unlikely candidates for conservative management with delayed curative treatment.
| PSA Screening Strategy Number |
Screening Ages (Years) |
Inter- Screening Interval (Years) |
PSA Threshold for Biopsy Referral (µg/L) |
"Contemporary Treatment" Scenario | "Selective Treatment" Scenario | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Life Years |
Total QALYs |
Total Cost |
Cost Per Life Year Gained |
Cost Per QALY Gained |
Total Life Years |
Total QALYs |
Total Cost |
Cost Per Life Year Gained |
Cost Per QALY Gained |
||||
| No Screening |
- | - | - | 36.302 | 21.504 | $4,708 | Reference | Reference | 36.302 | 21.504 | $4,708 | Reference | Reference |
| 4 | 45–69 | PSA1 | 10 | 36.347 | 21.508 | $5,391 | $15,344 | $184,074 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 18 | 55–69 | 4 | 10 | 36.329 | 21.508 | $5,022 | $11,977 | $92,446 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 12 | 50–74 | 4 | 10 | 36.338 | 21.507 | $5,246 | $15,123 | $170,195 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 11 | 50–74 | PSA2 | 10 | 36.348 | 21.507 | $5,357 | $14,209 | $209,338 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 9 | 50–74 | 1 | 10 | 36.357 | 21.507 | $5,698 | $18,160 | $330,065 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 17 | 55–69 | 2 | 10 | 36.338 | 21.507 | $5,197 | $13,734 | $170,981 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 3 | 45–69 | 1 | 10 | 36.345 | 21.507 | $5,590 | $20,761 | $326,292 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 16 | 55–69 | 1 | 10 | 36.343 | 21.506 | $5,371 | $16,347 | $300,884 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 15 | 55–69 | 4 | 3 | 36.343 | 21.502 | $5,315 | $14,977 | Dominated | 36.338 | 21.508 | $4,971 | $7,335 | $70,831 |
| 8 | 50–74 | 4 | 4 | 36.348 | 21.502 | $5,513 | $17,466 | Dominated | 36.343 | 21.508 | $5,062 | $8,622 | $89,333 |
| 10 | 50–74 | 1 | Age2 | 36.361 | 21.502 | $5,818 | $19,006 | Dominated | 36.355 | 21.509 | $5,329 | $11,838 | $124,564 |
| 1 | 45–69 | 1 | 4 | 36.361 | 21.499 | $5,919 | $20,751 | Dominated | 36.354 | 21.509 | $5,404 | $13,409 | $163,214 |
| 7 | 50–74 | PSA2 | 4 | 36.359 | 21.499 | $5,730 | $17,983 | Dominated | 36.352 | 21.508 | $5,160 | $9,098 | $136,332 |
| 6 | 50–74 | 1 | Age1 | 36.363 | 21.498 | $5,928 | $19,972 | Dominated | 36.357 | 21.508 | $5,364 | $11,906 | $166,784 |
| 13 | 55–69 | 1 | 4 | 36.355 | 21.498 | $5,688 | $18,645 | Dominated | 36.350 | 21.508 | $5,187 | $9,985 | $128,680 |
| 14 | 55–69 | 2 | 3 | 36.353 | 21.498 | $5,597 | $17,390 | Dominated | 36.349 | 21.508 | $5,105 | $8,600 | $120,952 |
| 5 | 50–74 | 1 | 4 | 36.366 | 21.494 | $6,079 | $21,649 | Dominated | 36.360 | 21.507 | $5,411 | $12,293 | $243,768 |
| 2 | 45–69 | PSA1 | 3 | 36.360 | 21.494 | $5,835 | $19,622 | Dominated | 36.353 | 21.506 | $5,269 | $11,028 | $313,214 |
PSA1-dependent screening interval is every 1 year if PSA >3.0 µg/L and every 2 years otherwise.
PSA2-dependent screening interval is every 2 years if PSA >1.0 µg/L and every 4 years otherwise.
Age1-dependent PSA thresholds for biopsy referral are 3.5, 4.5, and 6.5 µg/L for ages 50–59, 60–69, and 70–74 y.
Age2-dependent PSA thresholds for biopsy referral are 4.5, 5.5, and 8.5 µg/L for ages 50–59, 60–69, and 70–74 y.