Table 1.
Descriptives of the MESA participants included in genetic analyses.
| Variable | White | African American |
Hispanic | Chinese |
P-value for race/ethnicity‡ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline participant characteristics * | |||||
| No. subjects | 2464 | 2556 | 2113 | 707 | |
| Women | 1274 (51.7) | 1436 (56.2) | 1140 (54.0) | 358 (50.6) | 0.005 |
| Age, years | 63 [54, 71] |
60 [53, 68] |
60 [53, 68] |
62 [53, 70] |
<0.0001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.1 [24.2, 30.4] |
29.4 [26.2, 33.8] |
28.6 [25.9, 32.1] |
23.8 [21.8, 26.0] |
<0.0001 |
| Diabetes | 151 (6.1) | 441 (17.3) | 394 (18.7) | 91 (12.9) | <0.0001 |
| Current smoke (yes/no) | 276 (11.5) | 492 (19.4) | 288 (13.8) | 39 (5.5) | <0.0001 |
| Ever smoke (yes/no) | 1368 (55.7) | 1348 (53.0) | 967 (45.8) | 176 (24.9) | <0.0001 |
| Blood pressure medication (yes/no) | 826 (33.5) | 1313 (51.4) | 743 (35.2) | 199 (28.1) | <0.0001 |
| Urinary sodium creatinine ratio (mmol/mmol) |
10.8 [7.0, 15.8] |
10.2 [6.6, 14.6] |
11.6 [7.4, 17.3] |
13.5 [8.5, 19.3] |
<0.0001 |
| Blood pressure traits | |||||
| No. subjects | 2464 | 2556 | 2113 | 707 | |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)† | 124.0 [111.0, 140.0] |
133.5 [118.5, 150.5] |
126.0 [111.5, 143.0] |
124.2 [109.0, 142.5] |
<0.0001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)† | 71.5 [64.5, 78.9] |
76.5 [69.5, 83.5] |
72.5 [65.5, 79.5] |
72.5 [66.0, 80.0] |
<0.0001 |
| Mean arterial pressure (mmHg)† | 89.5 [81.0, 98.3] |
95.5 [87.2, 105.2] |
90.8 [82.2, 99.8] |
90.3 [81.3, 99.7] |
<0.0001 |
| Pulse pressure (mmHg)† | 51.5 [41.9, 64.5] |
56.0 [45.5, 70.0] |
52.5 [42.1, 66.5] |
50.5 [40.5, 64.5] |
<0.0001 |
| Prevalent hypertension (yes/no) | 1079 (43.8) | 1598 (62.5) | 955 (45.2) | 282 (39.9) | <0.0001 |
| Renin and aldosterone | |||||
| No. subjects | 697 | 321 | 422 | 213 | |
| Aldosterone (ng/dL) | 13.5 [9.8, 18.7] |
11.8 [7.9, 17.0] |
13.9 [10.0, 20.2] |
12.9 [9.8, 17.3] |
<0.0001 |
| Plasma renin activity (ng/mL/hour) | 0.61 [0.34, 1.26] |
0.38 [0.20, 0.89] |
0.67 [0.34, 1.40] |
0.53 [0.27, 0.98] |
<0.0001 |
| Aldosterone to renin ratio ( (ng/dL) / (ng/mL/hour)) |
22.1 [10.6, 39.0] |
28.9 [14.5, 57.8] |
19.7 [10.6, 38.5] |
23.7 [13.5, 41.9] |
0.003 |
Data are presented as n (%) for binary measures or median [IQR] for continuous measure.
*
Summary statistics are reported for the subset of individuals with data available for at least one of the phenotypes.
†
Blood pressure traits are shown after correction for medication use
‡
Statistical significance of likelihood ratio test for race/ethnic differences in linear (or logistic) regression of continuous (binary) measures. Measures other than sex and age include covariate adjustment for sex and age in the regression models. Variable transformation applied before analyzing aldosterone (square-root), plasma renin activity (log) and aldosterone to renin ratio (log).