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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Hypertension. 2016 Jun 13;68(2):356–364. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.07564

Table 2.

Summary of aldosterone levels and plasma renin activity by medication class in MESA, compared to those without hypertension.

Trait Medication exposure White African
American		 Hispanic Chinese
Aldosterone
(ng/dL)		 I. Beta-blockers only* 12.6
[9.3, 16.0]
(n=36)		 13.1
[9.8, 17.1]
(n=11)		 12.4
[11.0, 15.3]
(n=13)		 14.4
[10.8, 19.2]
(n=12)
II. Alpha-blockers or calcium
channel blockers only* 		16.3
[11.6, 21.4]
(n=27)		 12.6
[8.7, 17.6]
(n=24)		 18.7
[11.8, 25.4]
(n=21)		 14.0
[11.2, 17.6]
(n=10)
IIIA. Thiazide diuretics,
Angiotensin receptor blockers, or
ACE inhibitors* 		13.2
[9.5, 20.4]
(n=131)		 12.3
[7.6, 16.9]
(n=69)		 14.9
[10.0, 21.1]
(n=57)		 12.4
[8.1, 15.5]
(n=22)
IIIB. Angiotensin receptor blockers
or ACE inhibitors without
diuretics* 		11.5
[9.1, 15.6]
(n=85)		 10.7
[6.3, 13.9]
(n=35)		 13.0
[8.9, 19.1]
(n=38)		 10.7
[6.7, 15.2]
(n=16)
IV. No Hypertension 12.8
[9.3, 17.3]
(n=339)		 10.4
[7.3, 14.1]
(n=96)		 13.0
[9.5, 18.0]
(n=208)		 13.0
[9.7, 16.5]
(n=123)
Plasma renin
activity
(ng/mL/hour)		 I. Beta-blockers only* 0.36
[0.22, 0.66]
(n=31)		 0.27
[0.20, 0.37]
(n=10)		 0.34
[0.26, 0.71]
(n=12)		 0.15
[0.03, 0.31]
(n=12)
II. Alpha-blockers or calcium
channel blockers only* 		0.74
[0.57, 1.27]
(n=23)		 0.32
[0.11, 0.50]
(n=21)		 0.45
[0.29, 1.06]
(n=20)		 0.47
[0.24, 0.64]
(n=9)
IIIA. Thiazide diuretics,
Angiotensin receptor blockers, or
ACE inhibitors* 		1.78
[0.87, 5.89]
(n=129)		 0.91
[0.36, 2.16]
(n=67)		 2.04
[0.61, 3.69]
(n=56)		 1.42
[0.81, 3.50]
(n=23)
IIIB. Angiotensin receptor blockers
or ACE inhibitors without
diuretics* 		2.04
[0.95, 5.72]
(n=83)		 0.82
[0.28, 1.94]
(n=35)		 2.06
[0.42, 3.53]
(n=37)		 1.54
[0.92, 6.33]
(n=18)
IV. No Hypertension 0.55
[0.31, 0.89]
(n=333)		 0.32
[0.20, 0.54]
(n=94)		 0.66
[0.37, 1.10]
(n=200)		 0.51
[0.30, 0.88]
(n=120)
Aldosterone to
renin ratio
( (ng/dL) /
(ng/mL/hour))		 I. Beta-blockers only* 31.6
[21.4, 69.3]
(n=31)		 34.3
[27.2, 61.0]
(n=9)		 35.3
15.9, 47.9]
(n=12)		 132.8
[34.3, 267.0]
(n=11)
II. Alpha-blockers or calcium
channel blockers only* 		21.9
[12.0, 31.0.]
(n=22)		 49.0
[19.4, 99.3]
(n=21)		 30.5
[19.1, 67.8]
(n=20)		 34.2
[23.0, 64.7]
(n=9)
IIIA. Thiazide diuretics,
Angiotensin receptor blockers, or
ACE inhibitors* 		7.7
[2.2, 18.3]
(n=126)		 15.1
[4.6, 33.1]
(n=65)		 9.1
[3.9, 25.6]
(n=55)		 7.6
[3.9, 12.0]
(n=21)
IIIB. Angiotensin receptor blockers
or ACE inhibitors without
diuretics* 		5.56
[1.97,
11.82]
(n=81)		 11.0
[4.6, 40.0]
(n=33)		 7.5
[3.6, 23.6]
(n=36)		 6.5
[3.6, 12.0]
(n=16)
IV. No Hypertension 22.8
[14.5, 38.8]
(n=330)		 30.7
[20.9, 53.4]
(n=89)		 17.9
[11.9, 31.2]
(n=198)		 23.4
[14.0, 39.0]
(n=120)

Data are presented median [IQR].

*

Medication exposure groups are constructed by grouping together those participants with exposure to any of the indicated classes of medications, and excluding all other classes of medications indicated in Table S1.

Likelihood ratio test performed for comparison of participants on Beta-blockers, alpha-blockers, or calcium channel blockers without diuretics compared to those on thiazide diuretics with or without K-sparing agents, angiotensin receptor blockers (with or without diuretics), or ACE inhibitors (with or without diuretics) for aldosterone levels (P=0.46) or plasma renin activity (P=3.0E-8) after covariate adjustment for sex, age and race/ethnicity.