Figure 4.

Psychophysiological interactions depend on seed region. Models of brain connectivity assessed through PPI have difficulty ruling out whether common inputs contribute to the observed effects. We therefore tested whether our meta‐analytic PPI target regions were dependent on the seed region (i.e., the input region) by contrasting studies employing the seed region of interest against studies using other seed regions. (A) For studies utilizing attention as the psychological context, we found that the superior temporal gyrus (STG) seed (relative to other seeds) selectively contributed to the fusiform face area (FFA). (B) Similarly, for studies utilizing cognitive control, we found that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) seed (relative to other seeds) selectively contributed to the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). (C) In contrast, studies using emotion as the psychological context and the amygdala as the seed region were not uniquely tied to any target regions. Instead, emotion studies that did not use the amygdala as seed region were uniquely associated with amygdala and STG targets. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at http://wileyonlinelibrary.com.]