Table 4.
Point Estimates of the Different MI Characteristics on Medication Adherence
| Studies reporting medication adherence as a categorical variable | Studies reporting medication adherence as a continuous variable | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Effect of MI by delivery mode | ||||||||||
| Variable | N | I2 | RR | 95 % CI | p-value | N | I2 | SMD | 95 % CI | p-value |
| Individual | 5 | 56 | 1.16 | 0.98–1.38 | 0.07 | 5 | 93 | 0.80 | -0.06–1.16 | 0.06 |
| Telephonic | 3 | 62 | 1.13 | 1.02–1.25 | 0.02 | 3 | 93 | 0.92 | -0.41–2.25 | 0.17 |
| Group | 3 | 98 | 1.55 | 0.54–4.44 | 0.41 | 1 | N/A | 1.15 | 0.53–1.77 | <0.01 |
| Mixed | 0 | 3 | 79 | 0.25 | -0.27–0.77 | 0.35 | ||||
| Effect of MI by fidelity assessment | ||||||||||
| Fidelity tool | 7 | 87 | 1.17 | 0.99–1.36 | 0.07 | 10 | 97 | 0.77 | 0.19–1.33 | <0.01 |
| No fidelity tool | 4 | 85 | 1.27 | 0.97–1.67 | 0.08 | 1 | N/A | 0.00 | -0.40–0.40 | 1.0 |
| Effect of fidelity-based feedback | ||||||||||
| MI feedback | 3 | 24 | 1.17 | 1.04–1.31 | <0.01 | 5 | 98 | 0.60 | -0.16–1.3 | 0.12 |
| No MI feedback | 8 | 88 | 1.16 | 1.00–1.31 | 0.03 | 6 | 92 | 0.78 | 0.02–1.54 | 0.04 |
| Effect of MI by counselor background | ||||||||||
| Nurse | 4 | 71 | 1.32 | 1.04–1.68 | 0.02 | 4 | 45 | 0.30 | 0.07–0.52 | <0.01 |
| Psychologist | 0 | 3 | 95 | 1.39 | -0.49–3.20 | 0.14 | ||||
| Master level | 2 | 85 | 1.37 | 0.55–3.39 | 0.49 | 2 | 49 | -0.001 | -0.26–0.26 | 0.99 |
| Pharmacist | 1 | N/A | 0.95 | 0.89–1.01 | 0.13 | 0 | ||||
| Research Assistant | 4 | 40 | 1.12 | 1.02–1.23 | 0.01 | 2 | 97 | 1.58 | 1.48–1.69 | <0.01 |
| Effect of MI by tertiles* of exposure time | ||||||||||
| Brief MI exposure | 3 | 0 | 1.23 | 1.08–1.50 | <0.01 | 3 | 0 | 0.19 | 0.02–0.35 | 0.02 |
| Moderate MI exposure | 2 | 65 | 1.10 | 0.91–1.33 | 0.34 | 3 | 79 | 0.28 | 0.05–0.50 | 0.05 |
| Longest MI exposure | 3 | 81 | 1.55 | 0.89–4.24 | 0.09 | 3 | 94 | 1.28 | 0.88–1.6 | <0.01 |
N: Number
I2: I squared
RR: Relative risk
SMD: Standardized mean difference
N/A: Not applicable
MI: Motivational interviewing
*Description of tertiles: Categorical: tertile 1 (0–120), tertile 2 (121–480), tertile 3 (>481). Continuous: tertile 1 (0–90), tertile 2 (91–170), tertile 3 (>170)
Individual MI: categorical (22–24, 29, 30), continuous (17–19, 22, 29); telephonic studies: categorical (21, 28, 33), continuous (28, 33) (20); group MI: categorical (26, 32, 50), continuous (27); mixed MI: continuous (15, 25); fidelity assessment: categorical (22, 24, 27, 28, 30, 32), continuous (15, 15, 17–20, 22, 25, 27, 28, 33); no fidelity assessment: categorical (21, 23, 26, 29), continuous (29); fidelity-based feedback: categorical (28, 30, 33), continuous (15, 18, 20, 33, 51); no fidelity-based feedback: categorical (21–24, 26, 27, 29, 32), continuous (19, 22, 25, 27, 29, 34)
Background of counselors: nurses: categorical (23, 26, 28, 29), continuous (15, 20, 28, 29); psychologist: continuous (17–19); pharmacists: categorical (32); master level: categorical (22, 24), continuous (22, 25); research assistant: categorical (16, 21, 30, 33) (21, 27, 30, 33) (21, 27, 30, 33)(21, 27, 30, 33) (21, 27, 30, 33) (22, 38, 40, 43), continuous (26, 33)
MI exposure time: tertile 1: categorical (28–30), continuous (18, 28, 29); tertile 2: categorical (23, 24), continuous (15, 20, 25); tertile 3: categorical (26, 27), continuous (17, 19, 26)