Table 3.
Multiple Regression Models of Cognitive Status by Social Relationship Measures
| Interaction with Female Gender | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MCI | Dementia | p value | MCI | Dementia | p value | |
| Coefficient (CI) | Coefficient (CI) | Coefficient (CI) | Coefficient (CI) | |||
| Network Structure | ||||||
| Network Size (n = 3310) | −0.23 (−0.43, 0.03) | −0.56 (−0.81, −0.30) | < 0.001 | − | − | |
| Network Density (n = 3277) | 0.03 (0.004, 0.12) | 0.08 (0.05, 0.12) | 0.002 | − | − | |
| Social Resources | ||||||
| Social Support (n = 3307) | 0.02 (−0.33, 0.37) | 0.00 (−0.45, 0.46) | 0.99 | −0.48 (−0.94, 0.02) | −0.74 (−1.29, −0.19) | 0.013 |
| Spouse | 0.01 (−0.11, 0.13) | 0.24 (0.08, 0.40) | 0.01 | 0.04 (−0.13, 0.21) | −0.26 (−0.48, −0.04) | 0.04 |
| Family | −0.04 (−0.2, 0.12) | −0.05 (−0.26, 0.16) | 0.85 | −0.16 (−0.38, 0.05) | −0.21 (−0.47, 0.04) | 0.14 |
| Friends | 0.03 (−0.17, 0.23) | −0.09 (−0.35, 0.17) | 0.67 | −0.26 (−0.52, −0.004) | −0.33 (−0.64, −0.02) | 0.04 |
| Social Strain (n = 3283) | −0.30 (−0.71, 0.10) | −1.15 (−1.88, −0.42) | 0.011 | − | ||
| Spouse | −0.08 (-0.27, 0.12) | −0.47 (−0.78, −0.16) | 0.02 | |||
| Family | −0.08 (−0.21, 0.04) | −0.14 (−0.36, 0.08) | 0.31 | |||
| Friends | −0.02 (−0.12, 0.08) | −0.08 (−0.23, 0.06) | 0.52 | |||
| Social Engagement | ||||||
| Community (n = 2853) | −0.67 (−1.28, −0.06) | −1.52 (−2.54, −0.49) | 0.011 | - | ||
| Groups | −0.19 (−0.32, −0.06) | −0.45 (−0.64, −0.26) | < 0.001 | |||
| Volunteer | −0.15 (−0.30, −0.01) | −0.24 (−0.45, −0.03) | 0.05 | |||
| Religious | −0.04 (−0.18, 0.10) | −0.11 (−0.36, 0.13) | 0.64’ | |||
| Socializing (n = 2880) | 0.30 (0.01, 0.59) | 0.53 (0.25, 0.81) | 0.001 | −0.36 (−0.7, −0.1) | −0.66 (−1.0, −0.3) | < 0.001 |
| Family/Friends | 0.05 (−0.06, 0.18) | 0.17 (0.03, 0.31) | 0.043 | −0.09 (−0.23, 0.05) | −0.32 (−0.49, −0.15) | 0.001 |
| Neighbors | 0.24 (0.03, 0.46) | 0.35 (0.13, 0.56) | 0.004 | −0.28 (−0.52, −0.03) | −0.32 (−0.58, −0.06) | 0.017 |
The reference group for cognition coefficients are those screened as “Normal”
Abbreviations: CI 95 % confidence interval, MCI mild cognitive impairment,
Each linear regression model adjusts for age, gender, education, ethnic group, marital status, self-rated health, comorbidities, depressive symptoms, smoking, exercise, and alcohol