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. 2016 Jun 27;5(6):e236. doi: 10.1038/oncsis.2016.45

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Copyright © 2016 Macmillan Publishers Limited

Oncogenesis is an open-access journal published by Nature Publishing Group. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Phorbol ester attenuates cultured cell GNAQ^Q209L levels and in vivo melanoma tumorigenesis. (a) Quantitative western blot analyses of Gαq-Q209L and Ric-8A (control) levels in GNAQ^Q209L melanoma cell line lysates prepared at the indicated times of MG132 treatment. Three TPA treatment schedules were followed: no treatment, co-treatment with MG132 and 48 h pre-treatment and co-treatment with MG132. (b) Tumor growth kinetics of NSG mice grafted with the Gαq-Q209L melanocyte cell line, followed by systemic animal treatment with the indicated schedule of TPA or vehicle. The average weights and images of tumors isolated from TPA- and vehicle-treated mice at day 61 post cell grafting. Error bars are the mean±s.e.m. (n=6 or 7).