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. 2016 Feb 19;2(2):e00073. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2016.e00073

Table 2.

Quantification of compounds in PPE of Red Delicious apple skin.

Compounds mg/ 100 g DW %
Flavan-3-ols: 729.20 44.58
(-)-Epicatechin (monomer) 250.21 15.30
(+)-Catechin (monomer) 15.59 0.95
Procyanidin B1 (dimer) 16.14 0.99
Procyanidin B2 (dimer) 93.54 5.72
Procyanidin C1 (trimer) 64.75 3.96
Trimer 2 57.36 3.51
Trimer 3 6.71 0.41
Tetramer 1 63.51 3.88
Tetramer 2 27.68 1.69
Tetramer 3 31.92 1.95
Tetramer 4 1.38 0.08
Pentamer 1 5.15 0.31
Pentamer 2 8.77 0.54
Hexamer 38.26 2.34
Heptamer 3.18 0.19
Unknown 1 22.02 1.35
Unknown 2 23.02 1.40



Flavonols 701.53 42.89
Kaempferol pentoside 0.47 0.028
Rutin 0.23 0.014
Quercetin-galactoside 147.07 8.99
Quercetin-glucoside 159.41 9.75
Quercetin-pentoside 9.37 0.57
Quercetin-pentoside 128.58 7.86
Quercetin-ramnoside 139.06 8.50
Ramnetin-pentoside 117.34 7.17



Dihydrochalcones 189.70 11.60
Phloridzin-pentoside 54.74 3.35
Phloridzin 134.96 8.25



Phenolic acids: Chlorogenic acid 11.50 0.70



Anthocyanidins: Cyanidin glucoside 3.64 0.22



Total PP 1635.60 100.00