Table 3. Clinical characteristics and potential risk factors associated with toxingenic C. difficile infection in CD and UC patients.
| Factors | CD | P | UC | P | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive N = 49 | Negative N = 338 | OR (95%CI) | Positive N = 50 | Negative N = 209 | OR (95%CI) | |||
| Age, yrs[Median (range)] | 31 (16–59) | 31(16–78) | — | 0.913 | 45(19–70) | 43(16–75) | — | 0.797 |
| Male [N (%)] | 34(69.4) | 226(66.9) | — | 0.725 | 28(56.0) | 124(59.3) | — | 0.667 |
| History of disease [Median (range),yrs] | 3(0.1–19) | 2(0.1–43) | — | 0.871 | 2(0.1–20) | 3(0.1–30) | — | 0.713 |
| Fistula [N (%)] | 15(30.6) | 51(15.1) | 2.48 (1.26–4.88) | 0.007 | — | — | — | — |
| Perianal abscess [N (%)] | 8(16.3) | 33(9.8) | — | 0.163 | — | — | — | — |
| Bowel involvement [N (%)] | ||||||||
| L1 or E1 | 14(28.6) | 121(35.8) | — | 10(20.0) | 45(21.5) | — | ||
| L2 or E2 | 6(12.2) | 45(13.3) | — | 17(34.0) | 81(38.8) | — | ||
| L3 or E3 | 29(59.2) | 172(50.9) | — | 0.268 | 23(46.0) | 83(39.7) | — | 0.515 |
| Medication use [N (%)] | ||||||||
| Antibiotics | 23(46.9) | 76(22.5) | 5.11 (2.51–10.39) | <0.001 | 20(40.0) | 100(47.8) | — | 0.318 |
| metronidazole | 10(20.4) | 34(10.1) | 2.29 (1.05–5.00) | 0.037 | 17(34.0) | 81(38.8) | — | 0.533 |
| levofloxacin | 5(10.2) | 18(5.3) | – | 0.177 | 5(10.0) | 33(15.8) | — | 0.299 |
| cephalosporin | 15(30.6) | 55(16.3) | 2.27 (1.16–4.45) | 0.017 | 11(22.0) | 28(13.4) | — | 0.127 |
| Systemic steroids | 20(40.8) | 142(42.0) | — | 0.874 | 28(56.0) | 103(49.3) | — | 0.393 |
| Oral 5–ASA | 27(55.1) | 163(48.2) | — | 0.368 | 45(90.0) | 198(94.7) | — | 0.211 |
| Immunosuppressant | 20(40.8) | 156(46.2) | — | 0.483 | 7(14.0) | 31(14.8) | — | 0.881 |
| Infliximab | 32(65.3) | 155(45.9) | 2.22 (1.19–4.16) | 0.012 | 16(32.0) | 22(10.5) | 2.60 (1.16–5.81) | <0.001 |
| Number of infliximab courses | 6(1–20) | 6(1–17) | — | 0.950 | 4(1–12) | 6(1–14) | — | 0.190 |
| PPI | 15(30.6) | 131(38.8) | — | 0.272 | 13(26.0) | 65(31.1) | — | 0.480 |
| Antibiotics+ Infliximab | 15(30.6) | 14(4.1) | 10.21 (4.54–22.94) | <0.001 | 5(10.0) | 5(2.4) | 4.53 (1.26–16.32) | 0.021 |
| Metronidazole+ Infliximab | 6(12.2) | 6(1.8) | 7.72 (2.38–25.01) | 0.001 | 5(10.0) | 4(1.9) | 5.69 (1.47–22.05) | 0.012 |
| Cephalosporin+ Infliximab | 10(20.4) | 11(3.3) | 7.62 (3.04–19.10) | <0.001 | 3(6.0) | 3(1.4) | — | 0.054 |