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. 2016 Jul 15;6:29805. doi: 10.1038/srep29805

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Copyright © 2016, Macmillan Publishers Limited

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(a) Schematic diagram of the chemical species and electrochemical processes in an ECL device under an AC bias. The photographs of the ON state for (b) a single sticker ECL pixel, (c) patterned letters of the “STICKER IONGEL ECL” on glass/ITO and (d) static letters on a bendable PET/ITO substrate. The applied voltage and frequency were V_PP = 3.6 V and 1 Hz, respectively.