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. 2016 Jul 21;22(27):6257–6267. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i27.6257

Table 4.

ORs and 95%CIs of gastric cancer by the highest tertile of vitamin C contributing food consumption

Total (n = 1245) P for trend2 Men (n = 810) P for trend Women (n = 435) P for trend
Potatoes and starches
Model I OR1 (95%CI) 0.74 (0.54-1.59) 0.020 0.55 (0.37-0.82) 0.001 0.97 (0.60-1.57) 0.996
Model II OR (95%CI) 0.72 (0.52-1.01) 0.028 0.55 (0.36-0.85) 0.003 0.94 (0.55-1.60) 0.889
Model III OR (95%CI) 0.85 (0.59-1.21) 0.277 0.65 (0.41-1.03) 0.042 1.01 (0.57-1.79) 0.891
Total vegetable consumption
Model I OR (95%CI) 0.87 (0.66-1.16) 0.366 0.91 (0.64-1.31) 0.593 0.86 (0.54-1.37) 0.549
Model II OR (95%CI) 0.91 (0.66-1.25) 0.575 1.01 (0.67-1.52) 0.955 0.83 (0.49-1.39) 0.496
Model III OR (95%CI) 0.96 (0.68-1.34) 0.800 1.09 (0.71-1.68) 0.744 0.82 (0.47-1.43) 0.494
Total fruit consumption
Model I OR (95%CI) 0.41 (0.30-0.56) < 0.001 0.52 (0.36-0.75) 0.001 0.34 (0.21-0.57) < 0.001
Model II OR (95%CI) 0.57 (0.41-0.81) 0.002 0.73 (0.49-1.10) 0.148 0.52 (0.30-0.92) 0.032
Model III OR (95%CI) 0.59 (0.41-0.85) 0.005 0.73 (0.47-1.13) 0.179 0.57 (0.31-1.05) 0.089
Potatoes
Model I OR (95%CI) 0.82 (0.61-1.10) 0.114 0.60 (0.41-0.87) 0.003 1.19 (0.73-1.93) 0.444
Model II OR (95%CI) 0.79 (0.57-1.09) 0.105 0.55 (0.36-0.85) 0.003 0.99 (0.57-1.70) 0.867
Model III OR (95%CI) 0.91 (0.64-1.29) 0.458 0.65 (0.41-1.02) 0.034 1.10 (0.61-1.97) 0.572
Sweet potatoes
Model I OR (95%CI) 0.57 (0.42-0.77) < 0.001 0.54 (0.37-0.80) < 0.001 0.71 (0.44-1.16) 0.244
Model II OR (95%CI) 0.62 (0.44-0.87) 0.002 0.60 (0.39-0.92) 0.003 0.68 (0.39-1.18) 0.196
Model III OR (95%CI) 0.69 (048-1.00) 0.018 0.66 (0.42-1.05) 0.016 0.76 (0.42-1.37) 0.294
Korean cabbage kimchi
Model I OR (95%CI) 1.08 (0.81-1.43) 0.547 0.90 (0.63-1.28) 0.572 1.47 (0.91-2.39) 0.087
Model II OR (95%CI) 1.08 (0.79-1.48) 0.629 0.91 (0.61-1.35) 0.693 1.41 (0.81-2.43) 0.163
Model III OR (95%CI) 1.11 (0.80-1.55) 0.511 0.99 (0.65-1.51) 0.976 1.27 (0.71-2.28) 0.342
Green pepper
Model I OR (95%CI) 0.85 (0.64-1.14) 0.252 0.78 (0.54-1.12) 0.141 0.99 (0.60-1.62) 0.894
Model II OR (95%CI) 0.87 (0.64-1.20) 0.328 0.74 (0.49-1.12) 0.090 0.99 (0.57-1.72) 0.973
Model III OR (95%CI) 0.81 (0.57-1.13) 0.167 0.67 (0.44-0.04) 0.037 0.93 (0.51-1.68) 0.844
Radish
Model I OR (95%CI) 0.97 (0.72-1.31) 0.599 0.89 (0.62-1.28) 0.468 1.22 (0.72-2.06) 0.870
Model II OR (95%CI) 0.92 (0.67-1.28) 0.348 0.90 (0.60-1.35) 0.489 1.16 (0.65-2.07) 0.799
Model III OR (95%CI) 0.98 (0.69-1.39) 0.495 0.92 (0.60-1.43) 0.578 1.27 (0.68-2.35) 0.893
Spinach
Model I OR (95%CI) 0.77 (0.58-1.03) 0.173 0.62 (0.44-0.90) 0.024 0.93 (0.58-1.51) 0.923
Model II OR (95%CI) 0.80 (0.58-1.09) 0.283 0.66 (0.45-0.99) 0.071 1.02 (0.59-1.77) 0.851
Model III OR (95%CI) 0.86 (0.61-1.20) 0.532 0.78 (0.51-1.20) 0.360 0.94 (0.52-1.70) 0.821
Radish kimchi
Model I OR (95%CI) 0.82 (0.62-1.10) 0.193 0.69 (0.48-0.99) 0.038 1.33 (0.80-2.22) 0.592
Model II OR (95%CI) 0.82 (0.59-1.12) 0.195 0.70 (0.47-1.05) 0.090 1.21 (0.69-2.11) 0.937
Model III OR (95%CI) 0.80 (0.57-1.12) 0.192 0.73 (0.47-1.13) 0.142 1.06 (0.58-1.94) 0.816
Cabbage
Model I OR (95%CI) 0.34 (0.25-0.46) < 0.001 0.37 (0.26-0.53) < 0.001 0.33 (0.19-0.55) < 0.001
Model II OR (95%CI) 0.45 (0.32-0.63) < 0.001 0.50 (0.34-0.75) 0.004 0.45 (0.25-0.81) 0.016
Model III OR (95%CI) 0.50 (0.35-0.72) 0.001 0.53 (0.35-0.82) 0.015 0.54 (0.29-1.00) 0.094
Chonggak kimchi
Model I OR (95%CI) 0.83 (0.62-1.10) 0.215 0.69 (0.48-0.99) 0.038 1.33 (0.80-2.20) 0.589
Model II OR (95%CI) 0.83 (0.60-1.04) 0.253 0.69 (0.46-1.04) 0.077 1.21 (0.69-2.11) 0.933
Model III OR (95%CI) 0.81 (0.58-1.13) 0.244 0.72 (0.47-1.11) 0.113 1.06 (0.58-1.94) 0.818
Zucchini
Model I OR (95%CI) 1.01 (0.76-1.35) 0.898 0.96 (0.67-1.37) 0.772 1.38 (0.84-2.25) 0.195
Model II OR (95%CI) 1.09 (0.79-1.51) 0.783 0.99 (0.66-1.48) 0.846 1.87 (1.06-3.28) 0.026
Model III OR (95%CI) 1.11 (0.78-1.56) 0.749 1.97 (0.63-1.50) 0.784 1.82 (1.00-3.30) 0.045
Chinese cabbage
Model I OR (95%CI) 0.64 (0.47-0.86) < 0.001 0.53(0.36-0.78) < 0.001 0.80 (0.49-1.31) 0.342
Model II OR (95%CI) 0.58 (0.41-0.81) < 0.001 0.49(0.32-0.76) < 0.001 0.72 (0.41-1.25) 0.115
Model III OR (95%CI) 0.62 (0.44-0.89) < 0.001 0.57(0.36-0.90) 0.005 0.67 (0.37-1.22) 0.092
Lettuce
Model I OR (95%CI) 0.64 (0.48-0.86) 0.008 0.58 (0.41-0.82) 0.013 0.77 (0.47-1.26) 0.301
Model II OR (95%CI) 0.67 (0.49-0.93) 0.026 0.58 (0.39-0.86) 0.023 0.79 (0.45-1.36) 0.365
Model III OR (95%CI) 0.68 (0.48-0.95) 0.031 0.58 (0.38-0.88) 0.023 0.78 (0.43-1.40) 0.337
Onion
Model I OR (95%CI) 1.06 (0.79-1.42) 0.817 0.90 (0.62-1.30) 0.436 1.21 (0.73-1.99) 0.539
Model II OR (95%CI) 1.09 (0.79-1.51) 0.693 0.84 (0.56-1.27) 0.320 1.33 (0.76-2.33) 0.344
Model III OR (95%CI) 1.13 (0.80-1.59) 0.572 0.90 (0.58-1.40) 0.524 1.27 (0.71-2.30) 0.457
Mustard leaf Kimchi
Model I OR (95%CI) 0.84 (0.62-1.12) 0.099 0.87 (0.60-1.25) 0.220 0.66 (0.40-1.08) 0.207
Model II OR (95%CI) 0.76 (0.55-1.06) 0.018 0.84 (0.56-1.27) 0.089 0.60 (0.34-1.04) 0.076
Model III OR (95%CI) 0.76 (0.54-1.08) 0.038 0.90 (0.58-1.40) 0.180 0.57 (0.32-1.04) 0.093
Green onion
Model I OR (95%CI) 1.03 (0.76-1.38) 0.909 0.92 (0.64-1.33) 0.527 1.21 (0.73-2.01) 0.612
Model II OR (95%CI) 1.02 (0.73-1.41) 0.807 0.94 (0.62-1.42) 0.588 1.11 (0.64-1.95) 0.731
Model III OR (95%CI) 1.01 (0.71-1.44) 0.744 0.94 (0.60-1.46) 0.582 1.18 (0.65-2.13) 0.650
Mandarins
Model I OR (95%CI) 0.60 (0.44-0.80) 0.001 0.79 (0.55-1.12) 0.356 0.42 (0.25-0.71) 0.002
Model II OR (95%CI) 0.74 (0.53-1.04) 0.061 0.97 (0.66-1.44) 0.941 0.60 (0.34-1.07) 0.101
Model III OR (95%CI) 0.71 (0.50-1.01) 0.038 0.95 (0.62-1.44) 0.961 0.54 (0.29-0.99) 0.061
Strawberries
Model I OR (95%CI) 0.44 (0.33-0.60) < 0.001 0.40 (0.27-0.58) < 0.001 0.39 (0.23-0.67) 0.001
Model II OR (95%CI) 0.56 (0.40-0.78) 0.001 0.49 (0.32-0.74) 0.001 0.52 (0.29-0.93) 0.026
Model III OR (95%CI) 0.61 (0.43-0.86) 0.009 0.50 (0.32-0.79) 0.004 0.57 (0.30-1.07) 0.065
Orange juice
Model I OR (95%CI) 0.43 (0.32-0.59) < 0.001 0.36 (0.25-0.53) < 0.001 0.50 (0.30-0.85) 0.006
Model II OR (95%CI) 0.61 (0.44-0.85) 0.003 0.47 (0.30-0.71) 0.001 0.83 (0.46-1.51) 0.294
Model III OR (95%CI) 0.65 (0.46-0.94) 0.014 0.49 (0.31-0.77) 0.002 0.98 (0.52-1.86) 0.677
Watermelon
Model I OR (95%CI) 0.59 (0.44-0.78) 0.003 0.61 (0.43-0.87) 0.032 0.63 (0.39-1.02) 0.117
Model II OR (95%CI) 0.69 (0.50-0.95) 0.065 0.71 (0.48-1.06) 0.211 0.72 (0.42-1.24) 0.309
Model III OR (95%CI) 0.65 (0.46-0.92) 0.043 0.67 (0.44-1.03) 0.132 0.71 (0.40-1.27) 0.292
Apples
Model I OR (95%CI) 0.40 (0.29-0.54) < 0.001 0.38 (0.26-0.55) < 0.001 0.43 (0.26-0.71) 0.005
Model II OR (95%CI) 0.60 (0.43-0.85) 0.006 0.57 (0.37-0.87) 0.026 0.64 (0.37-1.11) 0.204
Model III OR (95%CI) 0.64 (0.45-0.92) 0.028 0.53 (0.34-0.83) 0.013 0.82 (0.46-1.47) 0.705
Persimmons
Model I OR (95%CI) 0.49 (0.36-0.66) < 0.001 0.62 (0.43-0.89) 0.026 0.40 (0.24-0.66) 0.002
Model II OR (95%CI) 0.56 (0.40-0.78) 0.001 0.72 (0.48-1.08) 0.151 0.46 (0.26-0.80) 0.018
Model III OR (95%CI) 0.55 (0.38-0.78) 0.001 0.67 (0.44-1.03) 0.086 0.45 (0.25-0.82) 0.028
Bananas
Model I OR (95%CI) 0.32 (0.24-0.44) < 0.001 0.33 (0.22-0.47) < 0.001 0.26 (0.15-0.46) < 0.001
Model II OR (95%CI) 0.40 (0.29-0.57) < 0.001 0.41 (0.27-0.62) < 0.001 0.34 (0.19-0.63) 0.001
Model III OR (95%CI) 0.44 (0.31-0.63) < 0.001 0.41 (0.27-0.64) 0.001 0.44 (0.23-0.83) 0.014
Citrus tea
Model I OR (95%CI) 0.64 (0.48-0.87) 0.002 0.56 (0.38-0.81) 0.001 0.81 (0.49-1.34) 0.281
Model II OR (95%CI) 0.78 (0.56-1.09) 0.048 0.68 (0.44-1.04) 0.017 1.00 (0.57-1.76) 0.669
Model III OR (95%CI) 0.83 (0.59-1.18) 0.161 0.71 (0.45-1.11) 0.040 1.14 (0.63-2.09) 0.992
1

OR for the association with the lowest tertile group compared with the highest tertile group;

2

Trends were calculated using the median intake for each category of vitamin C-contributing food consumption as a continuous variable: Model I: Unadjusted; Model II: Adjusted by first-degree family history of gastric cancer, education level, job, household income, smoking status, regular exercise; Model III: Additionally adjusted for H. pylori infection.