Table 3.
Presenting Clinical Characteristics of Adults Hospitalized With Community-Acquired Pneumonia, by Etiology Group
| Characteristic |
Staphylococcus aureus CAP |
CAP Without Staphylococcus aureus |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (n = 15) | Methicillin-Susceptible S. aureus (n = 22) | All S. aureus (n = 37) | Pneumococcal (n = 115) | All-Cause non-S. aureus (n = 2222) | |
| Demographics | |||||
| Median age (IQR), y | 62 (54, 76) | 56 (48, 64) | 60 (50, 65) | 59 (48, 67) | 57 (46,71) |
| Female, n (%) | 9 (60.0) | 12 (54.6) | 21 (56.8) | 55 (47.8) | 1134 (51.0) |
| Independently functioning nursing home resident | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 (0.5) |
| Race/Ethnicity, n (%) | |||||
| White non-Hispanic | 8 (53.3) | 13 (59.1) | 21 (56.8) | 54 (47.0) | 1033 (46.5) |
| Black non-Hispanic | 3 (20.0) | 8 (36.4) | 11 (29.7) | 44 (38.3) | 863 (38.8) |
| Hispanic | 3 (20.0) | 1 (4.6) | 4 (10.8) | 14 (12.2) | 234 (10.5) |
| Other | 1 (6.7) | 0 | 1 (2.7) | 3 (2.6) | 92 (4.1) |
| Medical conditions, n (%) | |||||
| Asthma | 4 (26.7) | 3 (13.6) | 7 (18.9) | 24 (20.9) | 577 (26.0) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 3 (20.0) | 4 (18.2) | 7 (18.9) | 34 (29.6) | 513 (23.1) |
| Chronic heart failure | 4 (26.7) | 6 (27.3) | 10 (27.0) | 21 (18.3) | 420 (18.9) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 7 (46.7) | 8 (36.4) | 15 (40.5) | 23 (20.0) | 569 (25.6) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 4 (26.7) | 6 (27.3) | 10 (27.0) | 25 (21.7) | 346 (15.6) |
| Chronic hemodialysis | 3 (20.0) | 8 (36.4) | 11 (29.7) | 3 (2.6) | 82 (3.7) |
| Chronic liver disease | 0 | 1 (4.6) | 1 (2.7) | 6 (5.2) | 125 (5.6) |
| Any immunodeficiency | 3 (20.0) | 4 (18.2) | 7 (18.9) | 16 (13.9) | 361 (16.3) |
| Human immunodeficiency virus infection | 0 | 1 (4.6) | 1 (2.7) | 2 (1.7) | 65 (2.9) |
| Cancer | 5 (33.3) | 3 (13.6) | 8 (21.6) | 22 (19.1) | 397 (17.9) |
| Seizure disorder | 1 (6.7) | 1 (4.6) | 2 (5.4) | 4 (3.5) | 85 (3.8) |
| Current smoker | 1 (6.7) | 3 (13.6) | 4 (10.8) | 46 (40.0) | 591 (26.6) |
| Body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 | 5 (33.3) | 9 (40.9) | 14 (37.8) | 26 (22.6) | 789 (35.5) |
| Symptoms | |||||
| Median duration of symptoms prior to presentation (IQR), days | 4.7 (3.7, 7.5) | 4.8 (2.5, 8.7) | 4.7 (2.9, 7.8) | 4.8 (2.8, 8.8) | 4.8 (2.8, 8.8) |
| Fever | 9 (60.0) | 14 (63.6) | 23 (62.2) | 81 (70.4) | 1523 (68.5) |
| Cough with sputum production | 8 (53.3) | 8 (36.4) | 16 (43.2) | 69 (60.0) | 1235 (55.6) |
| Hemoptysis | 2 (13.3) | 3 (13.6) | 5 (13.5) | 13 (11.3) | 192 (8.6) |
| Shortness of breath | 11 (73.3) | 16 (72.7) | 27 (73.0) | 86 (74.8) | 1733 (78.0) |
| Chest pain | 5 (33.3) | 8 (36.4) | 13 (35.1) | 60 (52.2) | 1100 (49.5) |
| Rash | 2 (13.3) | 1 (4.5) | 3 (8.1) | 4 (3.5) | 73 (3.3) |
| Clinical signs at hospital presentation | |||||
| Confusion | 1 (6.7) | 3 (13.6) | 4 (10.8) | 7 (6.1) | 149 (6.7) |
| Wheezing | 4 (26.7) | 7 (31.8) | 11 (29.7) | 33 (28.7) | 636 (28.6) |
| Median Temperature (IQR), °F | 99.9 (97.9, 101.2) | 98.2 (97.2, 99.8) | 98.7 (97.8, 100.9) | 99.4 (98.1, 100.6) | 98.9 (98.0, 100.4) |
| Median systolic blood pressure (IQR), mmHg | 142 (110, 159) | 113 (101, 157) | 119 (102, 159) | 120 (103, 139) | 131 (115, 149) |
| Median oxygen saturation (IQR), % | 93 (88, 95) | 94 (91, 96) | 93 (89, 96) | 95 (92, 98) | 95 (93, 97) |
| Laboratory results at hospital presentation | |||||
| Median white blood cell count (IQR), 103 cells/μL | 12.7 (7.7, 16.8) | 13.4 (9.6, 17.2) | 12.8 (9.6, 16.8) | 13.5 (9.0, 19.9) | 11.4 (7.9, 14.9) |
| Median hematocrit (IQR), % | 36.0 (35.0, 40.0) | 37.8 (33.0, 39.5) | 38.0 (34.6, 39.6) | 37.0 (33.1, 41.0) | 38.0 (34.1, 41.5) |
| Median platelet count (IQR), 103 cells/μL | 168 (130, 305) | 225 (194, 295) | 219 (161, 295) | 216 (165, 276) | 237 (179, 306) |
| Median blood urea nitrate concentration (IQR), mg/dL | 34 (17, 62) | 17 (11, 43) | 29 (15, 43) | 20 (13, 32) | 15 (10, 23) |
| Median glucose concentration (IQR), mg/dL | 130 (111, 170) | 141 (115, 174) | 137 (115, 170) | 115 (100, 151) | 115 (99, 144) |
| Chest X-ray findings | |||||
| Cavitation/Necrosis, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 34 (1.5) |
| Multilobar infiltrates, n (%) | 5 (33.3) | 7 (31.8) | 12 (32.4) | 39 (33.9) | 647 (29.1) |
| Pleural effusion, n (%) | 4 (26.7) | 5 (22.7) | 9 (24.3) | 41 (35.7) | 687 (30.9) |
| Pneumonia severity scores | |||||
| Median pneumonia severity index score (IQR) | 107 (98, 132) | 88 (74, 115) | 99 (76,118) | 83 (61.11) | 75 (52, 102) |
| Pneumonia severity index risk class 4 or 5, n (%) | 11 (73.3) | 11 (50.0) | 22 (59.5) | 52 (45.2) | 762 (34.3) |
| ≥3 CURB-65 criteria, n (%) | 6 (40.0) | 3 (13.6) | 9 (24.3) | 20 (17.4) | 243 (10.9) |
| ≥3 American Thoracic Society CAP minor criteria, n (%) | 3 (20.0) | 4 (18.2) | 7 (18.9) | 13 (11.3) | 153 (6.9) |
Abbreviations: CAP, community-acquired pneumonia; CURB-65IQR, confusion, blood urea nitrogen ≥20 mg/dL, respiratory rate ≥30, systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg, age ≥65 years; IQR, interquartile range.