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. 2016 Mar 2;41(9):2241–2251. doi: 10.1038/npp.2016.19

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Copyright © 2016 American College of Neuropsychopharmacology

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

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MCRs are expressed in mesolimbic dopaminergic neurons. (a) Images showing co-localization of MC3R (left) and MC4R (right) with D2R in the VTA. Boxed areas shows digitally zoomed images of the co-localizations. (b) Percentage of D2R-positive, MC3R-positive, MC4R-positive cells from total number of DAPI-positive cells. (c) Sample current-clamp trace of spontaneous action potentials from a VTA dopamine neuron before and after γMSH application. Expanded sections are shown underneath the trace. (d) Effect of γMSH on frequency of spontaneous action potentials of VTA dopamine neurons before, during, and after bath application of γMSH in both responsive (red) and non-responsive cells (green). (e) The distribution of all recorded dopamine neurons plotted on horizontal midbrain slices with colors indicating the response to γMSH. One-way ANOVA, ***p<0.001 compared with baseline condition.