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. 2016 Mar 2;41(9):2241–2251. doi: 10.1038/npp.2016.19

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Copyright © 2016 American College of Neuropsychopharmacology

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

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Intra-VTA MC3R stimulation increases motivation but not free feeding of sucrose. Effects of intra-VTA injections of γMSH on ALPs (a), rewards earned (b), ILPs (c), sucrose free-intake (d), and 24 h chow intake (e) (n=7–9). Effects of intra-VTA injections of αMSH on ALPs (f), rewards earned (g), and ILPs (h) (n=9). Effects of α-flupenthiixol (FLU) pretreatment on the number of ALPs (i), rewards earned (j), and ILPs (k) following intra-VTA γMSH infusion (n=21). One-way ANOVA, *p<0.05 **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 compared with saline condition.