Table 3.
Psychosocial risk factors for major depression and GAD
| Psychosocial risk factor | Major depression | GAD | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate | Final multivariate model | Univariate | Final multivariate model | ||
| n (%) | OR (95 % CI) | OR (95 % CI) | |||
| Feeling too much pressure to succeed | 388 (60.9) | 9.86 (3.03, 32.10)** | 2.64 (0.73, 9.49) | 8.04 (3.97, 16.26)** | 3.44 (1.57, 7.55)** |
| Time management issues/procrastination | 387 (60.8) | 3.77 (1.67, 8.55)** | 0.98 (0.37, 2.62) | 3.18 (1.88, 5.38)** | 1.02 (0.53, 1.96) |
| Exam anxiety | 378 (59.3) | 6.01 (2.35, 15.38)** | 1.78 (0.64, 4.96) | 2.45 (1.50, 3.99)** | 0.74 (0.41, 1.34) |
| Problems achieving work/life/study balance | 356 (55.9) | 4.02 (1.85, 8.73)** | 1.12 (0.44, 2.86) | 3.12 (1.90, 5.10)** | 0.97 (0.52, 1.80) |
| Lack of confidence | 328 (51.5) | 11.09 (3.94, 31.25)** | 3.84 (1.28, 11.56)* | 5.10 (3.01, 8.62)** | 2.17 (1.17, 3.82)* |
| Loneliness | 288 (45.2) | 5.63 (2.68, 11.82)** | 1.91 (0.84, 4.34) | 3.56 (2.26, 5.63)** | 1.44 (0.86, 2.43) |
| Difficulty coping with study | 265 (41.6) | 6.66 (3.17, 13.99)** | 2.30 (0.93, 5.67) | 5.42 (3.36, 8.74)** | 2.77 (1.53, 5.02)** |
| Body image problems | 218 (34.2) | 4.67 (2.47, 8.77)** | 2.11 (1.06, 4.20)* | 2.79 (1.82, 4.28)** | 1.54 (0.95, 2.49) |
| Relationship issues | 171 (26.8) | 2.06 (1.14, 3.74)* | 0.88 (0.46, 1.71) | 2.52 (1.63, 3.89)** | 1.27 (0.78, 2.07) |
| Homesickness | 154 (24.2) | 1.34 (0.71, 2.54) | 1.12 (0.71, 1.81) | ||
| Issues with sexual or gender identity | 46 (7.5) | 3.75 (1.73, 8.11)** | 1.82 (0.77, 4.30) | 1.97 (1.00, 3.89) | |
*p < .05, **p < .01