Table 1.
Carbon source | Time (h) | Acetic acid | Propionic acid | Lactic acid | Succinic acid | Formic acid | Total metabolites* | Acetic/Propionic | Propionic/Succinic | Acetic/Lactic | Bacterial counts+ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Glucose | 24 | 13.00 ± 0.41D | 4.35 ± 0.63C | 14.81 ± 0.27B | 3.46 ± 0.19a B | 7.33 ± 0.15D | 42.95 ± 1.40a C | 3.02 ± 0.35C | 1.25 ± 0.12A | 0.88 ± 0.01A | 9.58 ± 0.07d C |
48 | 13.28 ± 0.74C | 4.69 ± 0.21C | 17.11 ± 1.26B | 3.75 ± 0.27a B | 6.86 ± 0.38D | 45.73 ± 1.22ab D | 2.83 ± 0.08D | 1.25 ± 0.13A | 0.78 ± 0.07A | 8.47 ± 0.16c B | |
72 | 13.80 ± 0.53C | 5.04 ± 0.47D | 16.15 ± 1.01B | 4.37 ± 0.18b C | 7.59 ± 0.12C | 47.11 ± 0.41b C | 2.75 ± 0.18D | 1.15 ± 0.09A | 0.86 ± 0.09 | 7.76 ± 0.06b A | |
144 | 13.66 ± 0.26D | 4.96 ± 0.32D | 15.27 ± 0.87B | 4.56 ± 0.52b B | 7.26 ± 0.45C | 46.02 ± 1.96ab D | 2.76 ± 0.15C | 1.09 ± 0.06A | 0.90 ± 0.05A | 7.46 ± 0.17a B | |
EPS E44 | 24 | 1.24 ± 0.06b B | 0.78 ± 0.08b A,B | 0.45 ± 0.07b A | 0.12 ± 0.02A | 0.43 ± 0.04a B | 3.01 ± 0.11a B | 1.60 ± 0.10a B | 6.78 ± 0.27D | 2.83 ± 0.53a A | 9.17 ± 0.12c B |
48 | 0.93 ± 0.08a A,B | 0.39 ± 0.08a A | 0.95 ± 0.05c A | - | 1.27 ± 0.24b C | 3.56 ± 0.22b C | 2.44 ± 0.30b C | ND | 0.98 ± 0.12a A | 8.91 ± 0.02b C | |
72 | 1.89 ± 0.10c B | 0.95 ± 0.13b B | 0.77 ± 0.08c A | - | 1.67 ± 0.46b B | 5.31 ± 0.34c B | 2.01 ± 0.19ab C | ND | 2.48 ± 0.38a | 9.05 ± 0.05bc B | |
144 | 5.53 ± 0.08d C | 2.75 ± 0.13c C | 0.26 ± 0.15a A | 0.13 ± 0.05A | 1.40 ± 0.31b B | 10.07 ± 0.39d C | 2.01 ± 0.12ab B | 25.22 ± 11.55B | 26.24 ± 12.29b A | 8.68 ± 0.14a C | |
EPS R1 | 24 | 1.70 ± 0.11a C | 1.37 ± 0.12b B | 0.16 ± 0.10b A | 0.26 ± 0.05b A | 0.73 ± 0.25a C | 4.22 ± 0.09a B | 1.25 ± 0.03a B | 5.40 ± 0.54b C | 14.03 ± 7.32a B | 9.01 ± 0.09b B |
48 | 1.40 ± 0.22a B | 0.82 ± 0.12a B | 0.49 ± 0.09c A | 0.15 ± 0.01a A | 1.92 ± 0.12c B | 4.81 ± 0.37b B | 1.70 ± 0.08b B | 5.64 ± 0.55b B | 2.86 ± 0.12a B | 9.17 ± 0.09b D | |
72 | 2.08 ± 0.10b B | 1.44 ± 0.16b C | 0.12 ± 0.09b A | 0.26 ± 0.00b B | 1.35 ± 0.18b B | 5.25 ± 0.09b B | 1.45 ± 0.11a B | 5.62 ± 0.62b B | 25.26 ± 19.65a | 9.15 ± 0.13b B | |
144 | 3.13 ± 0.18c B | 1.70 ± 0.09c B | 0.02 ± 0.01a A | 0.53 ± 0.02c A | 1.27 ± 0.26b B | 6.65 ± 0.34c B | 1.85 ± 0.20b B | 3.21 ± 0.29a A | >100b B | 6.73 ± 0.21a A | |
WCS | 24 | 0.21 ± 0.05a A | 0.26 ± 0.03a A | - | 0.11 ± 0.07a A | 0.09 ± 0.03a A | 0.72 ± 0.12a A | 0.79 ± 0.12A | 2.33 ± 0.43 B | ND | 8.36 ± 0.15c A |
48 | 0.27 ± 0.05a A | 0.34 ± 0.03b A | - | 0.21 ± 0.01b A | 0.17 ± 0.03b A | 1.01 ± 0.05a A | 0.79 ± 0.10A | 1.66 ± 0.21A | ND | 8.10 ± 0.06c A | |
72 | 0.35 ± 0.06a A | 0.36 ± 0.00b A | - | 0.20 ± 0.03b A | 0.17 ± 0.04b A | 1.08 ± 0.02a A | 0.99 ± 0.16A | 1.83 ± 0.29 A | ND | 7.84 ± 0.11b A | |
144 | 0.66 ± 0.22b A | 0.51 ± 0.05c A | - | 0.23 ± 0.05b A | 0.26 ± 0.03c A | 1.68 ± 0.35b A | 1.28 ± 0.30A | 2.30 ± 0.36 A | ND | 6.61 ± 0.19a A |
Metabolite concentrations are expressed in mM, bacterial counts are expressed in ufc mL−1 Columns for the same carbon source with different lower case letter superscripts indicate significant differences along time (p > 0.05). Different capital letters superscripts indicate significant differences among carbon sources at the same sampling point (p < 0.05). * Sum of acetic, propionic, lactic, succinic, formic and pyruvic acids. + Counts at 0 h were 7.02 ± 0.08 log ufc mL−1. WCS without carbon source. -, under the detection limit, ND Not determined