HPLC chromatogram of KPE for determination of PMFs. PMFs in KPE were separated on a Develosil RPAQUEOUS-AR-5 column. The chromatographic mobile phase consisted of A (acetonitrile: water: acetic acid = 35: 62.5: 2.5, v/v) and B (acetonitrile: acetic acid = 97.5: 2.5, v/v). The gradient program was set as 0–20 min (solvent A: 99–1%). Use of 263 nm as a selective wavelength allowed identification of the 8 known PMFs. Peak 1, 5-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone; 2, 5-hydroxy-7-methoxyflavone; 3, 5-hydroxy-3,7,4'-trimethoxyflavone; 4, 5-hydroxy-3,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone; 5, 3,5,7,3',4'-pentamethoxyflavone; 6, 5,7,4'-trimethoxyflavone; 7, 3,5,7,4'-tetramethoxyflavone; 8, 5,7-dimethoxyflavone.