Fig. 4.

KPE enhanced physical fitness performance with or without fatigue loading. Physical fitness measurement tests (PT) consisting of forced swimming test (ST, A), open-field test (B and C), inclined plate test (D) and wire hanging test (E) were performed. Columns represented open column (□): control group and closed column (■): KPE group. Open-field test, inclined plate test, and wire hanging test were performed twice: before and after ST. The values in the open-field test before (B) and after (C) ST were indicated separately. Each column represents the mean with the S.E. (control; n = 15, KPE; n = 14). Asterisks denote significant differences from the initial result (0 week) at *: P<0.05, **: P<0.01, respectively. Daggers denote significant differences from the control at †: P<0.05, ††: P<0.01, respectively.