Table 2.
The pregnancy outcomes in the whole cohort of women with type 1 diabetes and evolution over time
| Outcome | 1992-2014 | 1992-1998 | 1999-2004 | 2005-2009 | 2010-2014 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 259) | (n = 74) | (n = 64) | (n = 59) | (n = 62) | ||
| WOMEN | ||||||
| Pregnancy induced hypertension | 12.7 % (n = 33) | 16.2 % (n = 12) | 21.9 % (n = 14) | 5.1 % (n = 3) | 6.5 % (n = 4) | 0.033 |
| Pre-eclampsia | 8.1 % (n = 21) | 8.1 % (n = 6) | 4.7 % (n = 3) | 8.5 % (n = 5) | 11.3 % (n = 7) | 0.55 |
| Preterm delivery | 19.7 % (n = 51) | 21.6 % (n = 16) | 15.6 % (n = 10) | 22.0 % (n = 13) | 19.4 % (n = 12) | 0.83 |
| Caesarean section | 67.2 % (n = 174) | 68.9 % (n = 51) | 73.4 % (n = 47) | 59.3 % (n = 35) | 66.1 % (n = 41) | 0.70 |
| Primary Caesarean section | 46.3 % (n = 120) | 52.7 % (n = 39) | 48.4 % (n = 41) | 30.5 % (n = 18) | 51.6 % (n = 32) | 0.038 |
| FETAL | ||||||
| Male | 53.7 % (n = 139) | 47.3 % (n = 35) | 59.4 % (n = 38) | 50.8 % (n = 30) | 58.1 % (n = 36) | 0.48 |
| Gestational age at birth (weeks) | 37.0 ± 1.4 | 36.7 ± 1.5 | 37.1 ± 1.1 | 37.2 ± 1.5 | 37.2 ± 1.4 | 0.35 |
| Birth weight (g) | 3458 ± 605 | 3454 ± 652 | 3399 ± 649 | 3462 ± 596 | 3518 ± 511 | 0.57 |
| LGA infant | 45.2 % (n = 117) | 50.0 % (n = 37) | 35.9 % (n = 23) | 40.7 % (n = 24) | 53.2 % (n = 33) | 0.19 |
| Macrosomia | 16.2 % (n = 42) | 17.6 % (n = 13) | 15.6 % (n = 10) | 13.6 % (n = 8) | 17.7 % (n = 11) | 0.92 |
| Admissions NICU | 66.3 % (n = 171) | 97.3 % (n = 72) | 79.7 % (n = 51) | 40.7 % (n = 24) | 39.3 % (n = 24) | 0.001 |
| Neonatal hypoglycaemia | 29.0 % (n = 67) | 42.6 % (n = 20) | 28.6 % (n = 18) | 25.4 % (n = 15) | 22.6 % (n = 14) | 0.18 |
NICU neonatal intensive care unit, LGA large-for-gestational age infant
Results are given as mean (SD) or % (n); P value in bold indicates a statistically significant difference between the four time periods. Generalized linear mixed models were used for binary variables, and linear mixed models for continuous variables with time period as a factor