Calpain affects ABC transporter function. Subcellular doxorubicin distribution was assessed by confocal microscopy of MEFs (A, B) and MDA-MB-231 cells (C, D) of the genotypes indicated. Cells were treated with 3.5 μM doxorubicin for 1 h, fixed, and stained with DAPI. Nuclear and cytoplasmic doxorubicin fluorescence intensities (A, C) and nuclear/cytoplasmic ratios of doxorubicin fluorescence intensities (B, D) in >30 cells were calculated. Data are plotted as mean ± SD. *, P ≤ 0.05. AU, arbitrary units.