Table 1.

Summary of the major ART–additive intervention studies in non–human primates aimed at understanding and/or impacting HIV latency, immune function and eradication

Reference	NHP species	Virus	Additive intervention	Duration of ART (months)	Main effects
Klatt et al. [35]	Pig–tail macaques	SIVmac 239	Administration of probiotics/prebiotics	5	Improved reconstitution of intestinal CD4 T cells and lower frequency of those expressing Ki-67
Micci et al. [16]	Rhesus macaques	SIVmac 239	Administration of interleukin–(21)	7	Reconstitution of intestinal Th17 cells and reduction of systemic and intestinal residual inflammation; reduced cell–associated SIV-DNA in the GI tract during ART Improved control of immune activation, viral replication, and CD4 homeostasis following ART interruption
Mason [37]	Rhesus macaques	SIVmac 251	Administration of anti–PD–L1	10	Viral rebound delay following ART-interruption in four out of eight animals
Del Prete et al. [19]	Rhesus macaques	SIVmac 239	Administration of SAHA	up to 12	Increased histone acetylation and cell-associated SIV–vRNA:vDNA ratio post-SAHA administration
Mavigner et al. [58]	Rhesus macaques	RT–SHIV TC	Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplant post total body irradiation	up to 4	Rapid viral rebound post-ART interruption despite successful HSCT in two out of three animals