Table 4.
Demographic correlates of genetic testing by condition group
| Demographic characteristic | ASD only, aORa (95% CI) | ASD + ID, aORa (95% CI) | ASD + DD, aORa (95% CI) | ID without ASD, aORa (95% CI) | DD only, aORa (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | |||||
| 6–11 | 1.1 (0.5–2.5) | 0.8 (0.3–2.1) | 1.2 (0.6–2.3) | 0.7 (0.4–1.3) | 1.2 (0.8–2.0) |
| 12–17 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Income | |||||
| ≤200% FPL | 1.4 (0.4–4.2) | 0.5 (0.2–1.3) | 1.0 (0.5–1.9) | 1.2 (0.6–2.8) | 1.5 (0.9–2.4) |
| >200% FPL | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Education | |||||
| HS or less | 3.9 (1.1–13.8)* | 1.9 (0.6–6.2) | 1.2 (0.5–2.9) | 0.6 (0.3–1.3) | 1.6 (0.9–2.7) |
| More than HS | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 0.6 (0.2–2.0) | 0.3 (0.1–1.0) | 1.0 (0.4–2.5) | 0.7 (0.4–1.4) | 1.3 (0.8–2.2) |
| Female | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| Hispanic | 0.2 (0.0–1.4) | 0.2 (0.0–0.9)* | 0.9 (0.3–2.2) | 1.0 (0.4–3.0) | 2.0 (0.9–4.3) |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 1.5 (0.3–8.0) | 1.1 (0.3–4.6) | 1.2 (0.4–3.7) | 1.9 (0.7–5.7) | 1.4 (0.7–2.7) |
| White, non-Hispanic | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Notes:
a
For each comparison, multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for all other demographic characteristics (age, sex, race, ethnicity, household income, and household education level).
*
Significance.
Abbreviations: ASD, autism spectrum disorder; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; ID, intellectual disability; DD, developmental delay; Ref, reference group; FPL, federal poverty level; HS, high school.