Table 1.
Baseline demographic, laboratory, neuropsychological testing, and MRI data in the AA-DHS MIND
| Variables | APOL1 0 risk alleles | APOL1 1 risk allele | APOL1 2 risk alleles | P-value1 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Mean (SD) median | N | Mean (SD) median | N | Mean (SD) median | ||
| Age, years | 212 | 58.4 (10.2) 57.1 | 234 | 58.8 (9.1) 58.0 | 70 | 58.6 (9.6) 58.9 | 0.43 |
| Female, % | 212 | [57.5%] | 235 | [64.3%] | 70 | [60.0%] | 0.32 |
| African ancestry proportion, % | 212 | 0.78 (0.14) 0.8 | 235 | 0.78 (0.15) 0.81 | 70 | 0.83 (0.11) 0.84 | 0.02 |
| Diabetes duration, years | 211 | 13.4 (8.2) 11.7 | 233 | 13.0 (7.3) 11.8 | 70 | 12.3 (7.1) 11.2 | 0.41 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 212 | 35.2 (9.0) 33.6 | 235 | 35.5 (8.5) 34.0 | 70 | 34.6 (7.0) 33.9 | 0.74 |
| History of cardiovascular disease, % | 212 | [22.2%] | 234 | [22.6%] | 70 | [24.3%] | 0.75 |
| Hypertension, % | 207 | [84.1%] | 231 | [88.7%] | 69 | [82.6%] | 0.61 |
| Current/former smoker, % | 212 | [55.7%] | 232 | [53.9%] | 70 | [55.7%] | 0.85 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 212 | 132.9 (17.8) 132.8 | 235 | 130.1 (17.3) 129.0 | 70 | 131.4 (20.5) 130.5 | 0.1 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 212 | 77.8 (11.5) 78.5 | 235 | 76.1 (10.9) 76.0 | 70 | 77.0 (12.1) 76.0 | 0.18 |
| Statin medications, % | 212 | [42.0%] | 234 | [37.2%] | 70 | [35.7%] | 0.24 |
| Urine albumin:creatinine ratio, mg/g | 211 | 157.1 (539.3) 10.2 | 231 | 148.5 (549.1) 9.1 | 70 | 301.7 (944.3) 17.3 | 0.33 |
| Urine ACR >300 mg/g, % | 211 | [10.0%] | 231 | [9.1%] | 70 | [14.3%] | 0.57 |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dl | 211 | 0.98 (0.3) 0.91 | 233 | 0.97 (0.3) 0.89 | 70 | 1.0 (0.23) 1.0 | 0.18 |
| Estimated GFR, ml/min/1.73m2 | 211 | 89.2 (23.4) 90.0 | 233 | 89.0 (23.9) 91.0 | 70 | 82.4 (21.3) 82.0 | 0.09 |
| Kidney disease2, % | 211 | [64.0%] | 233 | [59.2%] | 70 | [77.1%] | 0.02 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dl | 211 | 154.8 (64.3) 141.0 | 233 | 142.4 (60.4) 127.0 | 70 | 161.4 (70.3) 146.5 | 0.39 |
| Hemoglobin A1c, % | 210 | 8.1 (2.1) 7.4 | 233 | 7.9 (1.9) 7.4 | 70 | 8.4 (2.2) 7.8 | 0.83 |
| High School or less, % | 212 | [45.3%] | 235 | [38.7%] | 70 | [24.3%] | 1.2×10−3 |
| Technical/AS degree, % | 212 | [42.0%] | 235 | [40.9%] | 70 | [52.9%] | 1.2×10−3 |
| College graduate, % | 212 | [12.7%] | 235 | [20.4%] | 70 | [22.9%] | 1.2×10−3 |
| Modified Mini Mental State (0-100) | 212 | 85.6 (9.0) 87.0 | 235 | 85.5 (10.1) 87.0 | 70 | 86.2 (8.3) 87.5 | 0.8 |
| Montreal Cognitive Assessment (0-30) | 212 | 19.3 (3.9) 19.0 | 235 | 19.3 (4.0) 19.0 | 70 | 19.3 (4.1) 19.5 | 0.91 |
| Digit Symbol Coding (0-135) | 207 | 49.0 (17.1) 50.0 | 231 | 50.0 (16.0) 49.0 | 70 | 52.2 (15.7) 49.5 | 0.32 |
| MRI Variables | |||||||
| Total Intracranial Volume, cm3 | 196 | 1305 (141) 1302 | 220 | 1292 (132) 1271 | 67 | 1292 (130) 1280 | 0.28 |
| White Matter Volume, cm3 | 196 | 494.7 (68.4) 491.2 | 220 | 493.0 (62.6) 486.1 | 67 | 488.0 (62.2) 476.8 | 0.47 |
| Gray Matter Volume, cm3 | 196 | 564.0 (58.7) 564.0 | 220 | 563.1 (58.9) 557.7 | 67 | 569.3 (60.9) 563.9 | 0.98 |
| Cerebrospinal Fluid Volume, cm3 | 196 | 253.8 (53.9) 240.8 | 220 | 242.8 (46.3) 236.4 | 67 | 240.3 (35.0) 241.2 | 0.11 |
| White Matter Lesion Volume, cm3 | 194 | 8.6 (16.3) 2.8 | 217 | 6.3 (11.1) 1.1 | 67 | 4.7 (9.7) 1.2 | 6.6×10−3 |
1
Based on the Cochran-Armitage trend test;
2
kidney disease defined as eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73m2 and/or UACR >30 mg/g;
ACR – albumin:creatinine ratio; GFR – glomerular filtration rate.