Table 2.
All studies included for comparison
| Study (reference) | Treatment | Type of study | Total sample | Instillation protocol | Follow-up | Evaluation scale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Morales et al. [15] | 0.8 % HMW-HA (Cystistat®) | UCT | 25 | Weekly for 4 weeks and monthly for 12 months | 12 months | VAS for pain |
| Kallestrup et al. [42] | UCT | 48 | Weekly for 4 weeks and monthly for 2 months | 3 years | VAS for pain | |
| Gupta et al. [43] | UCT | 38 | Weekly for 6 weeks | 6 weeks | ICSI-ICSP | |
| Riedl et al. [16] | UCT | 121 | Weekly and in response to symptoms | 6.5 months | VAS for pain | |
| Engelhardt et al. [40] | UCT | 70 | Weekly for 10 weeks | 4.9 years | VAS for pain | |
| Shao et al. [34] | CT | 31 | After hydrodistention, weekly for 4 weeks and monthly for 2 months | 9 months | VAS for pain | |
| Lai et al. protocol A a [41] | UCT | 30 | Weekly for 4 weeks and monthly for 5 months | 6 months | VAS for pain/ICSI-ICPI | |
| Lai et al. protocol B a [41] | UCT | 30 | Every 2 weeks | 6 months | VAS for pain/ICSI-ICPI | |
| Steinhoff [44] | 0.2 % CS (Gepan instill®) | UCT | 18 | Weekly for 4 weeks and monthly for 12 months | 12 months | ICSI-ICPI |
| Nordling and van Ophoven [45] | UCT | 165 | Weekly for 4 to 6 weeks and one monthly | 3 months | VAS for pain | |
| Nickel et al. [46] | 2 % CS (Uracyst®/Uropol S®) | UCT | 53 | Weekly for 6 weeks and monthly for 4 months | 6 months | VAS for pain/ICSI-ICPI |
| Nickel et al. [35] | CT | 65 | Weekly for 6 weeks | 3 months | VAS for pain/ICSI-ICPI | |
| Nickel et al. [35] | CT | 98 | Weekly for 7 weeks | 3 months | VAS for pain/ICSI-ICPI | |
| Porru et al. [24] | 1.6 % LMW-HA + 2 % CS (Ialuril®) | UCT | Weekly for 12 weeks and biweekly for 6 months | 6 months | VAS for pain/ICSI-ICPI | |
| Porru et al. [47] | UCT | 22 | Weekly for 8 weeks and biweekly for 6 months | 6 months | VAS for pain/ICSI-ICPI | |
| Bade et al. [48] | i-PPS 300 mgb (Elmiron®) | UCT | 20 | Every 2 weeks for 3 months | 3 months | Not available |
| Bade et al. [37] | CT | 9 | Twice weekly for 3 months | 3 months | ICSI/ICPI | |
| Daha et al.[17] | UCT | 29 | Twice weekly for 10 weeks; monthly for 6 months | 12 months | ICSI/ICPI | |
| Davis et al. [38] | i-PPS 200 mgc + daily o-PPS 400 mg (Elmiron®) |
CT | 41 | Twice a week for 18 weeks | 18 weeks | VAS for pain/ ICSI-ICPI |
| Sairanen et al. [39] | DMSO | UCT | 37 | Weekly for 6 weeks | 3 months | VAS for pain |
CT controlled trials, UCT uncontrolled trials, VAS visual analogue scale, ICSI/ICPI O’Leary–Sant symptom index and problem index, i-PPS intravesical PPS, o-PPS oral PPS
aLai et al. corresponds to two effective protocols with HMW-HA evaluated in the same publication
bIntravesical instillation with 300 mg (three capsules) of Elmiron® + mixed with 50 ml of 0.9 % sodium chloride
c200 mg or two capsules mixed with 30 ml sterile normal buffered saline