Table 2.
Examples of fitness correlates of crop transgenes in partially introgressed nondomesticated genomes under experimental field conditions
| Crop taxon | Wild/weedy taxon | Trait of transgene(s) | Generation compared | Fitness correlates of transgene: presence vs absence | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Under selective pressure related to intended transgene phenotype | Without such selective pressure | |||||
| Brassica napus, oilseed rape | B. rapa, wild bird's rape | Herbicide (glyphosate) resistance | BC1 | More seeds produced | Fewer seeds produced | Londo et al. (2010) |
| Curcurbita pepo, crookneck squash | C. pepo ssp. texana, wild gourd | Virus disease resistance (for 3 different viruses) | F1, BC1‐BC4 | More flowers and fruits produced; but more damage by beetles and bacterial infection | None | Sasu et al. (2009, 2010) |
| Glycine max, soybean | G. soja, wild soybean | Herbicide (glyphosate) resistance | F2 | Not studied | None | Guan et al. (2015) |
| Helianthus annuus, sunflower | H. annuus, wild sunflower | Fungal (white mold) disease resistance | F1 | None | None | Burke and Rieseberg (2003) |
| Oryza sativa, rice | O. sativa f. spontanea, weedy rice | Herbicide (glyphosate) resistance | F1 and F2 | Not studied | More seeds produced | Case study reviewed in this article |
| Zea mays mays, maize, corn | Z. mays ssp. mexicana, teosinte | Herbicide (glyphosate) resistance | F1 | Not studied | None | Guadagnuolo et al. (2006) |
| Oryza sativa, rice | O. sativa. f. spontanea, weedy rice | Insect (lepidoptera) resistance | F2–F7 | More seeds produced | None | Case study reviewed in this article |
| Oryza sativa, rice | O. rufipogon, wild rice | Insect (lepidoptera) resistance | F2–F4, BC1, BC1F2 and BC1F3 | Not studied | None | Dong et al. (2011) |
| H. annuus, sunflower | H. annuus, wild sunflower | Insect (lepidoptera) resistance | BC1 | More seeds produced | None | Snow et al. (2003) |
| B. napus, oilseed rape | B. rapa, wild bird's rape | Insect (lepidoptera) resistance | F1, BC1F1, BC2F1 and BC2F2 | Not studied | None | Halfhill et al. (2005) |
| B. napus, oilseed rape | B. rapa, weed bird's rape | Insect (lepidoptera) resistance | F1 | More seeds and biomass produced | None | Sagers et al. (2015) |
| B. napus, oilseed rape | B. juncea, wild bird's rape | Insect (lepidoptera) resistance | BC2 | More seeds produced | More seeds produced | Liu et al. (2014) |