Table 2.
Results of Schirmer’s I and meibomian gland dysfunction tests in relation to risk factors
| Variable | Schirmer’s test + | Schirmer’s test – | Meibomian gland dysfunction stage 1 | Meibomian gland dysfunction stage 2 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st year of residency | 0 (0 %) | 42 (100 %) | 27 (64 %) | 15 (36 %) | 0.003 |
| 2nd year of residency | 0 (0 %) | 54 (100 %) | 42 (77 %) | 12 (23 %) | 0.83 |
| 3rd year of residency | 0 (0 %) | 68 (100 %) | 53 (78 %) | 15 (22 %) | 0.90 |
| 4th year of residency | 0 (0 %) | 34 (100 %) | 23 (68 %) | 11 (32 %) | 0.001 |
| 5th year of residency | 0 (0 %) | 22 (100 %) | 20 (91 %) | 2 (9 %) | 0.10 |
| 6th year of residency | 0 (0 %) | 18 (100 %) | 17 (94 %) | 1 (6 %) | 0.47 |
| 7th year of residency | 0 (0 %) | 8 (100 %) | 8 (100 %) | 0 (0 %) | 0.13 |
| Chronic eye disease | 0 (0 %) | 74 (100 %) | 61 (82 %) | 13 (18 %) | 0.20 |
| Contact lenses | 0 (0 %) | 16 (100 %) | 15 (94 %) | 1 (6 %) | 0.08 |
| Refractive surgery | 0 (0 %) | 28 (100 %) | 22 (79 %) | 6 (21 %) | 0.85 |
| Allergies | 0 (0 %) | 62 (100 %) | 47 (76 %) | 15 (24 %) | 0.075 |
| Smoking | 0 (0 %) | 42 (100 %) | 26 (62 %) | 16 (38 %) | 0.009 |
| Hormonal contraceptives | 0 (0 %) | 16 (100 %) | 8 (50 %) | 8 (50 %) | 0.013 |
| Makeup use | 0 (0 %) | 58 (100 %) | 27 (47 %) | 31 (53 %) | 0.09 |
| Makeup use, 0–12 h | 0 (0 %) | 34 (100 %) | 21 (62 %) | 13 (38 %) | 0.025 |
| Makeup use, 12–24 h | 0 (0 %) | 24 (100 %) | 6 (25 %) | 18 (75 %) | 0.025 |
| Microscope use | 0 (0 %) | 108 (100 %) | 73 (68 %) | 35 (32 %) | 0.47 |