Table 1. Average intact and instrumented stiffness for various loading conditions.
| Applied load | Intact stiffness (mean ± SD) | Instrumented stiffness (mean ± SD) | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Compression (N/mm) | 1,361 ± 394 | 1,011 ± 341 | <0.001 |
| Flexion (N/mm) | 839 ± 235 | 694 ± 237 | 0.003 |
| Extension (N/mm) | 802 ± 157 | 662 ± 148 | <0.001 |
| Right bending (N/mm) | 880 ± 258 | 708 ± 230 | <0.001 |
| Left bending (N/mm) | 882 ± 238 | 764 ± 229 | 0.005 |
| Right torsion (Nm/degree) | 6.5 ± 4.0 | 5.7 ± 2.8 | 0.062 |
| Left torsion(Nm/degree) | 6.0 ± 3.9 | 4.3 ± 2.1 | 0.001 |
Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.
Note: Intact specimens demonstrated significantly greater stiffness than instrumented specimens for all loading conditions tested except right torsion.