Table 3. Surgical results for metastatic spine disease secondary to breast cancer.

Approach and author(s)	Year	Patients (n)	Postoperative survival (mo), mean or median	% Pain improveda b	% Neurologic improvementa c	% Neurologic declined	Local tumor control rate (%)e
Posterior approach
Jonsson et al47	1996	8	10	87	100	0	–
Chen et al50	2004	13	18	–	–	–	–
Weighted mean			15	87	100	0	–
Total patients		21
Anterior approach
Jonsson et al44	1994	19	13	100	–	0	100
Gokaslan et al49	1998	10	–	–	–	–	–
Weighted mean			13	100	–	0	100
Total patients		29
Mixed approach
Hammerberg42	1992	21	19	–	–	–
Kocialkowski et al43	1992	17	8.2	76	64	0	–
Bauer et al45	1995	14	–	–	–	–	–
Sioutos et al46	1995	19	13.5	–	–	–	–
Onimus et al48	1996	18	12	100	60	–	–
Sundaresan et al34	2002	18	36	–	–	–	–
Shehadi et al19	2007	87	21	–	53	8	89
Tancioni et al21	2011	23	36	96.1	100	0	100
Walcott et al22	2011	15	33.7	–	56	0	–
Zadnik et al4	2014	43	26.8	–	–	–	–
Weighted mean			22.9	91.4	62	4.9	91.3
Total patients		275
All surgical studies
Weighted mean			21.7	92.9	63.8	4.1	92.6
Total patients		325

^aOnly considers patient population with preoperative pain/deficits.

^bPatients used to calculate mean pain improved: 85 (5 studies).

^cPatients used to calculate mean neurologic improvement: 168 (6 studies).

^dPatients used to calculate mean neurologic decline: 169 (6 studies).

^ePatients used to calculate mean local tumor control: 129 (3 studies).