Table 4.

Selected examples of relevant clinical trials and their current status

Drug /Drug delivery system/ therapeutic approach	Current status in clinical trial	Reference(s)/ clincical trial identifier
Tirapazamine (TPZ) (Arom N-oxide)	It has been studied in several solid cancer types in combination with the other chemo- or radiotherapy. In two separate clinical trials, TPZ showed contradicting evidence for its efficacy when combined with other cytotoxic drugs, such as cisplatin, or radiation therapy. For instance, in a phase III trial in advanced non-small cell lung tumor patients, TPZ enhanced the activity of cisplatin, with improved median survival and response rate. While in another clinical trial in advanced non-small cell lung tumor patients, the addition of TPZ to paclitaxel and carboplatin did not show any significant improvement in patient survival, or response rate, and instead resulted in increased toxicity.	NCT00005078 NCT00262821 NCT00066742 (Mack, Redman, 2008, von Pawel, von Roemeling, 2000, Williamson, Crowley, 2005)
PR104 (Nitro compound)	Phase I clinical trial in advanced solid tumor patients using PR104 in combination with docetaxel or gemcitabine resulted in dose- limiting myelotoxicity. Similarly, many phase II clinical trials with PR104 were terminated due to safety and toxicity issues.	NCT00862082 NCT01358227 NCT00262821
TH-302 (Nitro compound)	It is being tested in many Phase I and Phase II trials for kidney and liver cancers, non- small cell lung cancers, multiple myeloma. TH-302 has also been tested in combination with Doxorubicin versus Doxorubicin alone in a phase III clinical trial expected to be concluded recently phase III clinical trial, for which results are not posted yet.	NCT01497444 NCT01440088 NCT02093962 NCT01522872
Banoxantrone (AQ4N) (Aliphatic N-oxide)	Phase I/ phase II clinical trials, either alone or in combination with chemo- or radiotherapy, have been conducted. Phase I studies showed promising safety results.	NCT00394628 NCT00109356 NCT00090727