Figure 1.

NK cells interaction with other immune cells in liver autoimmunity. Pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) can activate innate immunity, especially the innate lymphocytes (NK, ILC subsets, NKT, and γδT lymphocytes). This can be regulated by reciprocal interactions among stromal cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells. Innate response elicited by NK leads to (a) rapid elimination of the pathogens; (b) triggering generation of memory T and B cells; and (c) breaking the tolerance by chronic stimulation leading to generation of autoreactive cytotoxicity (KC: Kupffer cell; NKT: natural killer T; DC: dendritic cell).