Table 3.
Age-adjusted relative risks and 95% CIs for deaths from all causes, CVDs, stroke and stroke subtypes, according to dietary sodium-to-potassium ratio quintiles using the Mantel-Haenszel method for 24-year follow-up of NIPPON DATA80
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | p Value* | p Value** | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All causes | 1 | 1.05 (0.89 to 1.23) | 1.01 (0.86 to 1.19) | 1.12 (0.95 to 1.32) | 1.27 (1.08 to 1.48) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| CVD | 1 | 1.17 (0.86 to 1.60) | 0.91 (0.66 to 1.27) | 1.16 (0.85 to 1.59) | 1.47 (1.10 to 1.96) | 0.032 | 0.005 |
| Stroke | 1 | 1.06 (0.65 to 1.73) | 1.20 (0.75 to 1.92) | 1.39 (0.88 to 2.18) | 1.85 (1.22 to 2.83) | 0.009 | 0.002 |
| Ischaemic stroke | 1 | 0.96 (0.50 to 1.84) | 0.90 (0.46 to 1.74) | 1.09 (0.58 to 2.06) | 1.57 (0.89 to 2.78) | 0.266 | 0.099 |
| Haemorrhagic stroke | 1 | 1.26 (0.50 to 3.15) | 1.63 (0.69 to 3.88) | 1.27 (0.50 to 3.19) | 2.34 (1.06 to 5.18) | 0.039 | 0.024 |
*p Values of the test for linear trends were calculated using Cox proportional hazards model.
**p Values of the test for quadratic non-linear trends were calculated using Cox proportional hazards model.
CVD, cardiovascular disease; NIPPON DATA, National Integrated Project for Prospective Observation of Non-communicable Disease And its Trends in the Aged.