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. 2015 Sep 21;13(4):535–550. doi: 10.1038/cmi.2015.77

Figure 4.

Figure 4

NOD2/TLR2 ligands activate human basophils and eosinophils in co-culture with dermal fibroblasts. (a–d) Basophils and dermal fibroblasts were cultured either together or separately with or without the NOD2/TLR2 ligands for 20 h. The release of CXCL8 (a), CCL2 (b), and CCL5 (c) was determined. (d) ICAM-1 expression on dermal fibroblasts was analyzed by flow cytometry and shown as MFI. (e–h) Likewise, eosinophils and dermal fibroblasts were cultured and stimulated. The release of IL-6 (e), CXCL8 (f), and CCL4 (g) were determined. (h) ICAM-1 expression on dermal fibroblasts was analyzed as previously described. BAS, basophils; EOS, eosinophils; FIB, dermal fibroblasts; Co, co-culture of dermal fibroblasts with basophils or eosinophils; CoFIB, dermal fibroblasts in co-culture. The results are shown as the arithmetic mean plus SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 compared between the denoted groups and the basophil (a–c), eosinophil (e–g), or fibroblast (d and h) control groups. #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 when compared between the denoted groups and the co-culture control groups.