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. 2015 Sep 21;13(4):535–550. doi: 10.1038/cmi.2015.77

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Source of cytokine/chemokine expression in co-cultures of basophils/eosinophils and dermal fibroblasts under stimulation with the NOD2/TLR2 ligands. (a–c) Basophils and dermal fibroblasts were treated with or without paraformaldehyde prior to being cultured together with or without the NOD2/TLR2 ligands for 20 h. The release of CXCL8 (a), CCL2 (b), and CCL5 (c) were determined. (d–f) Likewise, eosinophils and dermal fibroblasts were fixed, stimulated, and cultured. The release of IL-6 (d), CXCL8 (e), and CCL4 (f) were determined. B, unfixed basophils; B^, fixed basophils; E, unfixed eosinophils; E^, fixed eosinophils; F, unfixed dermal fibroblasts; F^, fixed dermal fibroblasts. The results are shown as the arithmetic mean plus SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 when compared between the denoted groups and the corresponding control groups of unfixed cells with MDP, PGN, or LTA treatment.