Table 1.

Summary results of the averaged mixed-effect models (within two AICc units of the model with the lowest AICc) for parasitism rate (binomial models) and abundance and species richness (Poisson models) of parasitoids and hosts. Shown are standardized model estimates ± standard error (s.e.) of significant variables allowing a direct comparison of effect sizes, z-values, p-values of the z-statistics, and the relative importance of variables in the averaged models. Detailed output of averaged models can be found in the electronic supplementary material, table S4.

environmental variable	estimate ± s.e.	z-values	p-values	relative importance
parasitism rate
elevation	−0.439 ± 0.139	3.073	0.002	1.00
mean phylogenetic distance	0.427 ± 0.149	2.801	0.005	1.00
parasitoid abundance
host brood cell numbera	1.050 ± 0.182	5.611	<0.001	1.00
elevation	−0.361 ± 0.126	2.868	0.004	1.00
mean phylogenetic distance	0.388 ± 0.134	2.825	0.005	1.00
parasitoid species richness
host brood cell numbera	0.808 ± 0.165	4.775	<0.001	1.00
elevation	−0.229 ± 0.111	2.023	0.043	1.00
host abundance
none	—	—	—	—
host species richness
aspect eastness	0.180 ± 0.080	2.193	0.028	0.91
successional age	−0.223 ± 0.089	2.458	0.014	0.86

^aHost brood cell number is our definition of host abundance and consequently not included in models for host abundance and species richness.