Figure 3.

Diversity in proline oxidation capacities by hymenopterans flight muscle. Proline was added subsequently to complex I substrates. Oxidation rates are expressed as a percentage of the maximal respiration rate of the muscle fibres when all substrates were present. Two distinct patterns are shown: yellow-jacket wasps (Vespula vulgaris, n = 11) and bumblebees (Bombus impatiens, n = 13) show a strong increase in respiration with addition of proline, whereas honeybees (Apis mellifera, n = 11) and locusts used as outgroup species (Locusta migratoria, n = 6) do not exhibit a significant increase following addition of proline. Bars with different letters are significantly different (p < 0.05).