Table 1. Characteristics of the deaf participants.
| Subject | Age | Gender | Hearing loss age | Deafness etiology | First language | Hearing aid history1 | Hearing ability with aids2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D1 | 21 | F | 0 | Hereditary deafness | Sign | 0 | |
| D2 | 21 | F | 0 | Hereditary deafness | Sign | 0 | |
| D3 | 21 | F | 0 | Maternal disease/drug side effect during pregnancy | Sign | 0 | |
| D4 | 20 | F | 0 | Maternal disease/drug side effect during pregnancy | Sign | 0 | |
| D5 | 20 | F | 0 | Maternal disease/drug side effect during pregnancy | Sign | 0 | |
| D6 | 19 | F | 0 | Ototoxicity | Sign | 0 | |
| D7 | 19 | F | 0 | Dystocia | Oral | 1 | 1 |
| D8 | 18 | M | 0 | Maternal disease/drug side effect during pregnancy | Sign | 1 | 1 |
| D9 | 16 | F | 0 | Maternal disease/drug side effect during pregnancy | Sign & oral | 1 | 1 |
| D10 | 20 | F | 0 | Unknown | Sign & oral | 1 | 1 |
| D11 | 20 | F | 0 | Ototoxicity | Sign | 1 | 1 |
1Hearing aid history:
2. Using now
1. Used in the past
0. Never used
2Hearing ability with aid:
1. Hears something, but difficult to find out where it comes from
2. Distinguishes human voice, but can’t understand what people say
3. Hears and understands what people say well.